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1、SPIEInt’lSymposiumonSmartStructures&SmartMaterials9March2005,SanDiego,CAPowerManagementforEnergyHarvestingWirelessSensors*S.W.Arms,C.P.Townsend,D.L.Churchill,J.H.Galbreath,S.W.MundellMicroStrain,Inc.,310HurricaneLane,Unit4,Williston,Vermont05495USAABSTRACTTheobjective
2、ofthisworkwastodemonstratesmartwirelesssensingnodescapableofoperationatextremelylowpowerlevels.Thesesystemsweredesignedtobecompatiblewithenergyharvestingsystemsusingpiezoelectricmaterialsand/orsolarcells.Thewirelesssensingnodesincludedamicroprocessor,on-boardmemory,se
3、nsingmeans(1000ohmfoilstraingauge),sensorsignalconditioning,2.4GHzIEEE802.15.4radiotransceiver,andrechargeablebattery.Extremelylowpowerconsumptionsleepcurrentscombinedwithperiodic,timedwake-upwasusedtominimizetheaveragepowerconsumption.Furthermore,wedeployedpulsedsens
4、orexcitationandmicroprocessorpowercontrolofthesignalconditioningelementstominimizethesensors’averagecontributiontopowerdraw.Bysleepinginbetweensamples,wewereabletodemonstrateextremelylowaveragepowerconsumption.At10Hz,currentconsumptionwas300microampsat3VDC(900microwat
5、ts);at5Hz:400microwatts,at1Hz:90microwatts.WhentheRFstagewasnotused,butdatawereloggedtomemory,consumptionwasfurtherreduced.Piezoelectricstrainenergyharvestingsystemsdelivered~2000microwattsunderlowlevelvibrationconditions.Outputpowerlevelswerealsomeasuredfromtwominiat
6、uresolarcells;whichprovidedawiderangeofoutputpower(~100to1400microwatts),dependingonthelighttype&distancefromthesource.Insummary,systempowerconsumptionmaybereducedby:1)removingtheloadfromtheenergyharvesting&storageelementswhilecharging,2)byusingsleepmodesinbetweensamp
7、les,3)pulsingexcitationtothesensingandsignalconditioningelementsinbetweensamples,and4)byrecordingand/oraveraging,ratherthanfrequentlytransmitting,sensordata.Keywords:energy,harvesting,wireless,strain,sensors,RF,piezoelectric,solar1.INTRODUCTIONRecentdevelopmentsinsens
8、ingtechnology,microprocessors,andminiaturizedradiotransceivershasenableda1newgenerationofsmartstructures,machines,&materials
