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1、石油機(jī)械2016年第44卷第2期CHINAPETROLEUMMACHINERY—23—?鉆井技術(shù)與裝備??扎哈泉致密油水平井鉆井技術(shù)對(duì)策胡貴李令東劉新云于文華石李保孟慶昆徐鵬(中國石油勘探開發(fā)研究院)摘要:為提高致密油總體開發(fā)效益,青海油田部署了第1口致密油水平井,但鉆井周期較長,影響水平井規(guī)模開發(fā)進(jìn)程。分析認(rèn)為該水平井周期長的關(guān)鍵問題是造斜段水平段滑動(dòng)比例高,機(jī)械鉆速低,表現(xiàn)在地層較硬、設(shè)計(jì)造斜率偏高、軌跡不光滑以及定向托壓方面。通過技術(shù)優(yōu)化,提出了相關(guān)技術(shù)對(duì)策:每30m設(shè)計(jì)造斜率降低至5°以下,保證造斜段滑動(dòng)比例在70%以下;優(yōu)化水平段復(fù)合鉆井穩(wěn)斜鉆具為單彎螺
2、桿雙穩(wěn)定器鉆具組合;優(yōu)選造斜段水平段鉆頭為5~6刀翼13~16mm、雙排切削齒、平緩曲線冠部形狀、小外錐高度、小保徑長度以及大后傾角(20°~30°)高效PDC鉆頭;強(qiáng)化鉆井液潤滑性,控制直井段每30m狗腿度在0?5°、水平段每30m狗腿度在2°以內(nèi)摩阻扭矩控制措施;提升排量至30L/s、轉(zhuǎn)速維持在30~40r/min、提高鉆井液動(dòng)切力和塑性黏度比值至0?5以上等井眼清潔措施。技術(shù)對(duì)策經(jīng)現(xiàn)場應(yīng)用后,造斜段機(jī)械鉆速提高2?6倍,水平井段機(jī)械鉆速提高1?0倍,收到了預(yù)期效果。關(guān)鍵詞:水平井;井眼軌跡;摩阻;造斜率;定向鉆井;復(fù)合鉆井;螺桿鉆具;扎哈泉中圖分類號(hào):TE2
3、43文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:Adoi:10?16082/j?cnki?issn?1001-4578?2016?02?005HorizontalWellDrillingTechniqueforZahaquanTightOilHuGuiLiLingdongLiuXinyunYuWenhuaShiLibaoMengQingkunXuPeng(ResearchInstituteofPetroleumExploration&Development,CNPC)Abstract:Toimprovetheoveralltightoildevelopmentbenefits,thefirstt
4、ightoilhorizontalwellwasde?ployedinQinghaiOilfield?Butthelongdrillingperiodhasimpactedthetightoildevelopmentprogramwithhorizon?talwell?ThekeyreasonsoflonghorizontalwelldrillingperiodinZhahaquanarebelievedtobehighratioofslidingdrillinginbuild?upsectionandlowROPduetothehardandabrasivefo
5、rmations,whichresultsinhighdesignedbuild?uprate,highdoglegseverityandhighdrillingdragduringdirectionaldrilling?Bytechniqueoptimization,suggestionshavebeenproposedthatthedesignedbuild?upratebeloweredto5°/30mtoensuretheslidingratetobelowerthan70%?TheBHAinhorizontalsectionisrecommendedto
6、bethesinglebendPDMwithdoublestabiliz?ers?ThePDCbitsforbuildupsectionandhorizontalsectionshouldhavethefeaturesof5~6blades,13~16mmcutter,doublerowcutters,flatcurvecrownshape,smallouterconeheight,smallgaugelengthandlargeangleofrake(20°~30°)?Todecreasethedrillingdrag,thedrillingfluidlubri
7、cationshouldbestrengthenedandtheverticalsectionDLSbelowerthan0?5°/30mandthehorizontalDLSshouldbelowerthan2°/30m?Toimprovetheholecleaningperformance,theincreasedpumprateto30L/s,RPMof30~40r/mandtheratioofdrillingfluidyieldpointtoplasticviscosityofabove0?5arerecommended?Applicationsofnea
8、rbitg