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1、石油機械2016年第44卷第2期CHINAPETROLEUMMACHINERY—23—?鉆井技術(shù)與裝備??扎哈泉致密油水平井鉆井技術(shù)對策胡貴李令東劉新云于文華石李保孟慶昆徐鵬(中國石油勘探開發(fā)研究院)摘要:為提高致密油總體開發(fā)效益,青海油田部署了第1口致密油水平井,但鉆井周期較長,影響水平井規(guī)模開發(fā)進程。分析認為該水平井周期長的關(guān)鍵問題是造斜段水平段滑動比例高,機械鉆速低,表現(xiàn)在地層較硬、設(shè)計造斜率偏高、軌跡不光滑以及定向托壓方面。通過技術(shù)優(yōu)化,提出了相關(guān)技術(shù)對策:每30m設(shè)計造斜率降低至5°以下,保證造斜段滑動比例在70%以下;優(yōu)化水平段復
2、合鉆井穩(wěn)斜鉆具為單彎螺桿雙穩(wěn)定器鉆具組合;優(yōu)選造斜段水平段鉆頭為5~6刀翼13~16mm、雙排切削齒、平緩曲線冠部形狀、小外錐高度、小保徑長度以及大后傾角(20°~30°)高效PDC鉆頭;強化鉆井液潤滑性,控制直井段每30m狗腿度在0?5°、水平段每30m狗腿度在2°以內(nèi)摩阻扭矩控制措施;提升排量至30L/s、轉(zhuǎn)速維持在30~40r/min、提高鉆井液動切力和塑性黏度比值至0?5以上等井眼清潔措施。技術(shù)對策經(jīng)現(xiàn)場應用后,造斜段機械鉆速提高2?6倍,水平井段機械鉆速提高1?0倍,收到了預期效果。關(guān)鍵詞:水平井;井眼軌跡;摩阻;造斜率;定向鉆井;
3、復合鉆井;螺桿鉆具;扎哈泉中圖分類號:TE243文獻標識碼:Adoi:10?16082/j?cnki?issn?1001-4578?2016?02?005HorizontalWellDrillingTechniqueforZahaquanTightOilHuGuiLiLingdongLiuXinyunYuWenhuaShiLibaoMengQingkunXuPeng(ResearchInstituteofPetroleumExploration&Development,CNPC)Abstract:Toimprovetheoveralltigh
4、toildevelopmentbenefits,thefirsttightoilhorizontalwellwasde?ployedinQinghaiOilfield?Butthelongdrillingperiodhasimpactedthetightoildevelopmentprogramwithhorizon?talwell?ThekeyreasonsoflonghorizontalwelldrillingperiodinZhahaquanarebelievedtobehighratioofslidingdrillinginbuild
5、?upsectionandlowROPduetothehardandabrasiveformations,whichresultsinhighdesignedbuild?uprate,highdoglegseverityandhighdrillingdragduringdirectionaldrilling?Bytechniqueoptimization,suggestionshavebeenproposedthatthedesignedbuild?upratebeloweredto5°/30mtoensuretheslidingrateto
6、belowerthan70%?TheBHAinhorizontalsectionisrecommendedtobethesinglebendPDMwithdoublestabiliz?ers?ThePDCbitsforbuildupsectionandhorizontalsectionshouldhavethefeaturesof5~6blades,13~16mmcutter,doublerowcutters,flatcurvecrownshape,smallouterconeheight,smallgaugelengthandlargean
7、gleofrake(20°~30°)?Todecreasethedrillingdrag,thedrillingfluidlubricationshouldbestrengthenedandtheverticalsectionDLSbelowerthan0?5°/30mandthehorizontalDLSshouldbelowerthan2°/30m?Toimprovetheholecleaningperformance,theincreasedpumprateto30L/s,RPMof30~40r/mandtheratioofdrilli
8、ngfluidyieldpointtoplasticviscosityofabove0?5arerecommended?Applicationsofnearbitg