河海大學(xué)研究生英語(yǔ)課文及翻譯(重點(diǎn)單詞突出顯示,)Unit 4 Explicit and Implicit Moral Education

《河海大學(xué)研究生英語(yǔ)課文及翻譯(重點(diǎn)單詞突出顯示,)Unit 4 Explicit and Implicit Moral Education》由會(huì)員上傳分享，免費(fèi)在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫(kù)。

1、Imagine?a?guardsman,?from?the?moment?he?falls?in?on?parade?in?the?morning?until?the?moment?the?parade?is?dismissed,?every?conscious?action?he?makes?is?predetermined?and?controlled.?If?inadvertently?he?does?something?that?is?not?in?the?schedule,?such?as?drop?his?rifle,

2、?he?has?to?cover?up?the?accident?by?pretending?to?faint.?To?do?anything?other?than?conform?might?show?originality?and?inventiveness,?but?from?the?point?of?view?of?military?ethos（風(fēng)氣，社會(huì)思潮）?would?be?immoral.?想象一下，一個(gè)衛(wèi)士，從他早上在閱兵儀式的那一刻起直到游行解解散的那一刻,他的每一個(gè)有意識(shí)的動(dòng)作都是受預(yù)定和控制的。如果他無(wú)意間

3、做了什么計(jì)劃外的事情，比如像掉了他的步槍?zhuān)坏貌患傺b暈倒來(lái)掩蓋事故。做除了承認(rèn)以外的任何事情都可以展示出獨(dú)創(chuàng)性和創(chuàng)造性，但是從軍事風(fēng)氣的角度來(lái)看可能是不道德的。?That?is?an?example?of?a?thorough-going?explicit?moral?system.?In?it?actions?are?rigidly?divided?into?right?ones?and?wrong?ones,?permitted?ones?and?non-permitted?ones,?and?everyone?involv

4、ed?accepts?this?without?question;?and?to?train?a?participant?in?such?a?system?is?an?explicit?matter,?and?the?simplest?form?of?behaviour?training,?provided?the?learners?acknowledge?the?teacher?as?an?unquestionable?authority?who?knows?exactly?what?moral?behaviour?is.?這是

5、一個(gè)徹底的顯性道德體系的例子。它的行動(dòng)被嚴(yán)格分為正確的和錯(cuò)誤的，允許的和不準(zhǔn)許的，并且體系內(nèi)的人接受這個(gè)沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，并且培養(yǎng)在這樣的系統(tǒng)中的參與者是一個(gè)明確的事情，，最簡(jiǎn)單的行為訓(xùn)練的形式，倘若學(xué)習(xí)者承認(rèn)教師作為一個(gè)不容置疑的權(quán)威，明確分辨道德行為與否。?Consider?the?same?guardsman?in?the?evening,?in?a?tavern?with?a?girl.?His?behaviour?is?not?so?rigorously?controlled,?and?he?has?many?choices?o

6、f?action,?many?decisions?to?make.?In?that?case,?all?sorts?of?pressures?are?influencing?his?choice?of?actions.?What?his?peer?group?does,?what?is?the?custom?at?the?moment?in?that?area,?what?he?thinks?the?girlfriend?will?accept?or?expect,?maybe?the?sort?of?lifestyle?he?h

7、as?seen?displayed?in?television?plays,?the?things?he?has?read?about?in?the?papers,?these?are?all?contributing?to?his?decisions.?He?has?not?been?instructed?explicitly,?as?in?the?morning,?but?he?has?had?a?much?more?diffuse?implicit?training?in?behaviour,?derived?from?ma

8、ny?sources.考慮同樣的衛(wèi)士，在晚上，同一個(gè)女孩在一個(gè)小酒館。他的行為是不那么嚴(yán)格的受控制，他的行動(dòng)有很多選擇，很多決定去下。在這種情況下，各種壓力都會(huì)影響他的行動(dòng)選擇。他的同齡人做的，此刻在此方面的習(xí)慣，他認(rèn)為的這個(gè)女性朋友會(huì)接受或者拒絕