2015年--河海大學(xué)研究生英語(yǔ)一unit-4---explicit-and-implicit-moral-education

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1、Unit4ExplicitandImplicitMoralEducationImagine?a?guardsman,?from?the?moment?he?falls?in?on?parade?in?the?morning?until?the?moment?the?parade?is?dismissed,?every?conscious?action?he?makes?is?predetermined?and?controlled.?If?inadvertently?he?does?something?that?is?not?in?the?schedule,?suc

2、h?as?drop?his?rifle,?he?has?to?cover?up?the?accident?by?pretending?to?faint.?To?do?anything?other?than?conform?might?show?originality?and?inventiveness,?but?from?the?point?of?view?of?military?ethos精神，氣質(zhì)，人的思想，觀念?would?be?immoral.?想象一個(gè)衛(wèi)士，從早上參加的那刻到閱兵解散的那刻,他做的每一個(gè)有意識(shí)的動(dòng)作都是受預(yù)定和控制的。如果他無(wú)意間做了什么計(jì)

3、劃外的事情，比如像掉了他的步槍，他不得不假裝暈倒來(lái)掩蓋事故。做除了承認(rèn)以外的任何事情可能展示出獨(dú)創(chuàng)性和創(chuàng)造性，但是從軍隊(duì)作風(fēng)觀點(diǎn)的角度來(lái)看可能是不道德的。?That?is?an?example?of?a?thorough-going全面的，細(xì)致的?explicit?moral?system.?In?it?actions?are?rigidly?divided?into?right?ones?and?wrong?ones,?permitted?ones?and?non-permitted?ones,?and?everyone?involved?accepts?this

4、?without?question;?and?to?train?a?participant?in?such?a?system?is?an?explicit?matter,?and?the?simplest?form?of?behaviour?training,?provided翻譯時(shí)放句前?the?learners?acknowledge?the?teacher?as?an?unquestionable?authority?who?knows?exactly?what?moral?behaviour?is.?這是一個(gè)全面的顯性道德體系的例子。在這個(gè)例子里，行動(dòng)被嚴(yán)格

5、分為正確的和錯(cuò)誤的，允許的和不允許的，涉及到的每個(gè)人都無(wú)條件接受；假設(shè)學(xué)習(xí)者承認(rèn)教師作為一個(gè)不容置疑的權(quán)威，一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確知道什么是道德的權(quán)威，則在這樣一個(gè)體系中培養(yǎng)參與者是一件明確的事，是行為訓(xùn)練最簡(jiǎn)單的形式。Consider?the?same?guardsman?in?the?evening,?in?a?tavern?with?a?girl.?His?behaviour?is?not?so?rigorously?controlled,?and?he?has?many?choices?of?action,?many?decisions?to?make.?In?that?

6、case,?all?sorts?of?pressures?are?influencing?his?choice?of?actions.?What?his?peer?group?does,?what?is?the?custom?at?the?moment?in?that?area,?what?he?thinks?the?girlfriend?will?accept?or?expect,?maybe?the?sort?of?lifestyle?he?has?seen?displayed?in?television?plays,?the?things?he?has?rea

7、d?about?in?the?papers,?these?are?all?contributing?to?his?decisions.?He?has?not?been?instructed?explicitly,?as?in?the?morning,?but?he?has?had?a?much?more?diffuse?implicit?training?in?behaviour,?derived?from?many?sources.考慮同一個(gè)衛(wèi)士，在晚上同一個(gè)女孩在一個(gè)小酒館。他的行為是不那么嚴(yán)格地受控制，他有很多的行動(dòng)選擇，很多決定去下。在這種情況下，各種壓