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1、Unit14ToErrIsHumanEveryonemusthavehadatleastonepersonalexperiencewithacomputererrorbythistime.Bankbalancesaresuddenlyreportedtohavejumpedfrom$379intothemillions,appealsforcharitablecontributionsaremailedoverandovertopeoplewithcrazy-soundingnamesatyouraddres
2、s,departmentstoressendthewrongbills,utilitycompanieswritethatthey’returningeverythingoff,thatsortofthing.Ifyoumanagetogetintouchwithsomeoneandcomplain,youthengetinstantaneouslytyped,guiltylettersfromthesamecomputer,saying,”O(jiān)urcomputerwasinerror,andanadjustm
3、entisbeingmadeinyouraccount.”如今,幾乎每個(gè)人都經(jīng)歷過(guò)電腦出錯(cuò)帶來(lái)的麻煩。銀行通知的貸款余額忽然從379美元飛漲至數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元;呼吁給那些名字聽(tīng)起來(lái)稀奇古怪的人進(jìn)行慈善捐助的信件三番五次地寄往你的地址;部門商店發(fā)送錯(cuò)誤的賬單;公共事業(yè)公司說(shuō)他們將要關(guān)閉供給,諸如此類。如果你打印了,同一臺(tái)電腦出來(lái)的致歉信上寫道:“我們的電腦出現(xiàn)了錯(cuò)誤,正在調(diào)整您的賬目?!盩hesearesupposedtobethesheerest,blindestaccidents.Mistakesarenotbe
4、lievedtobepartofthenormalbehaviorofagoodmachine.Ifthingsgowrong,itmustbeapersonal,humanerror,theresultoffingering,tampering,abuttongettingstuck,someonehittingthewrongkey.Thecomputer,atitsnormalbest,isinfallible.這些意外事故純粹是無(wú)意識(shí)的過(guò)錯(cuò)。人們認(rèn)為,出錯(cuò)不是一個(gè)性能良好的機(jī)器的正常行為。如果出了錯(cuò),
5、那一定是人為的錯(cuò)誤,如指法錯(cuò)誤,亂碰鍵盤,按鍵失靈,按錯(cuò)了鍵。最佳正常工作狀態(tài)下的電腦是不會(huì)出差錯(cuò)的。Iwonderwhetherthiscanbetrue.Afterall,thewholepointofcomputersisthattheyrepresentanextensionofthehumanbrain,vastlyimproveduponbutnonethelesshuman,superhumanmaybe.Agoodcomputercanthinkclearlyandquicklyenought
6、obeatyouatchess,andsomeofthemhaveevenprogrammedtowriteobscureverse.Theycandoanythingwecando,andmorebesides.我想知道這會(huì)是真的么。畢竟,電腦的木質(zhì)是人腦的延伸,在此之上大為提升,但仍具有人性的特點(diǎn),或許說(shuō)具冇超人類的特征。好的電腦可以足夠清晰快速地思考,在T棋屮打敗你。它們有些甚至可以被編程寫朦朧詩(shī)。它們能做任何我們能做的事,更多的是我們做不了的。Itisnotyetknownwhetheracomput
7、erhasitsownconsciousness,anditwouldbehardtofindoutaboutthis.Whenyouwalkintooneofthosegreathallsnowbuiltforthehugemachines,andstandlistening,itiseasytoimaginethatthefaint,distantnoisesarethesoundofthinking,andtheturningofthespoolsgivesthemthelookofwildcreatu
8、resrollingtheireyesintheefforttoconcentrate,chokingwithinformation.Butrealthinking,anddreaming,areothermatters.電腦是否有它自己的意識(shí)還未可知,也很難找到答案。當(dāng)你走進(jìn)那些現(xiàn)在建來(lái)放巨人機(jī)器的人廳其中的一間,站著聽(tīng),很容易把微弱遙遠(yuǎn)的盧響想象成思考的聲音,轉(zhuǎn)軸的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)讓它們看起來(lái)像野獸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)它們