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1、Annu.Rev.Sociol.1999.25:46787Copyright?1999byAnnualReviews.AllrightsreservedSOCIALNETWORKSANDSTATUSATTAINMENTNanLinDepartmentofSociology,DukeUniversity,Box90088,Durham,NorthCarolina27708-0088;e-mail:nanlin@duke.eduKEYWORDS:socialresources,socialcapital,socialnetworks,statusattainmentAB
2、STRACTThisessaytracesthedevelopmentoftheresearchenterprise,knownasthesocialresourcestheory,whichformulatedandtestedanumberofproposi-tionsconcerningtherelationshipsbetweenembeddedresourcesinsocialnetworksandsocioeconomicattainment.Thisenterprise,seeninthelightofsocialcapital,hasaccumula
3、tedasubstantialbodyofresearchliteratureandsupportedthepropositionthatsocialcapital,intermsofbothaccessandmo-bilizationofembeddedresources,enhancesthechancesofattainingbetterstatuses.Further,socialcapitaliscontingentoninitialpositionsinthesocialhierarchiesaswellasonextensityofsocialties
4、.Theessayconcludeswithadiscussionofremainingcriticalissuesandfutureresearchdirectionsforthisresearchenterprise.INTRODUCTIONStatusattainmentcanbeunderstoodasaprocessbywhichindividualsmobi-lizeandinvestresourcesforreturnsinsocioeconomicstandings.Resourcesinthiscontextaredefinedasvaluedgo
5、odsinsociety,howeverconsensuallyde-termined(Lin1982,1995),andvaluesarenormativejudgmentsrenderedonthesegoodswhichinmostsocietiescorrespondwithwealth,status,andpower(Weber1946).Socioeconomicstandingsrefertovaluedresourcesattachedtooccupiedpositions.Theseresourcescanbeclassifiedintotwoty
6、pes:personalresourcesandsocialresources.Personalresourcesarepossessedbytheindi-vidualwhocanuseanddisposethemwithfreedomandwithoutmuchconcern4670360-0572/99/0815-0467$08.00468LINforcompensation.Socialresourcesareresourcesaccessiblethroughonesdi-rectandindirectties.Theaccesstoanduseofthe
7、seresourcesaretemporaryandborrowed.Forexample,afriendsoccupationalorauthorityposition,orsuchpositionsofthisfriendsfriends,maybeegossocialresource.Thefriendmayusehis/herpositionornetworktohelpegotofindajob.Theseresourcesareborrowedandusefultoachieveegoscertaingoal,buttheyremaintheprop
