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1、chapter3Abriefhistoryoflanguageteaching1)TheWesternContext2)TheChineseContext1)TheWesternContext⑴Before16thcentury⑵After16thcentury⑶Fromthe17thcenturytothe19thcentury⑷Bythe19thcentury⑸Towardmid-19thcentury⑹Towardthelate19thcentury(7)Teachingmethodsinthe20thcentury⑴Before16thcentury:拉丁語有較長時
2、間的歷史，并與古典文化密切相關(guān)，所以有很高的威望和許多實際用途，被認(rèn)為是當(dāng)時文人所應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)的。在歐洲大部分國家，拉丁語用于教育和政府管理；在國際上，拉丁語用于宗教，政治和商業(yè)?，F(xiàn)在不太清楚當(dāng)時是如何教拉丁語；但從其使用的眾多場合看，一定是書面語和口語表達(dá)同時學(xué)習(xí)。Latinwastheonlyfocusofstudyinglanguage.Itwasthedominantlanguageofeducation,commerce,religion,andgovernmentinthewesternworld.⑵After16thcentury:拉丁語在各國國內(nèi)很少使用，代之以
3、各民族的語言。不過，其是文學(xué)語言和哲學(xué)語言，所以文人繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)拉丁語?，F(xiàn)在，情況不同了：其實際用途幾乎全部消失，在大多數(shù)情況下，只有閱讀能力被認(rèn)為是必要的。French,Italian,andEnglishgainedinimportanceasaresultofpoliticalchangesinEurope.Latinbecamedisplacedasalanguageofspokenandwrittencommunication.⑶Fromthe17thcenturytothe19thcentury:ThelearningofLatinexertedgreatimpac
4、tupontheearlyteachinginwesternworld.Textbook--Abstractgrammarrules--Listsofvocabulary--SentencesfortranslationThepenofmyauntisinthegarden.Greencloudissleepingsoundly.ThestudyofclassicalLatinandtheanalysisofitsgrammarandrhetoricbecamethemodelforforeignlanguagestudy.⑷Bythe19thcenturyGraduall
5、y,theapproachbasedonthestudyofLatinhadbecamethestandardwayofstudyingforeignlanguagesinschools.ItbecameknownastheGrammar-TranslationMethod(GTMethod).⑸Towardmid-19thcenturyGTMethodinteachingandlearningwasgraduallyrejected.法國學(xué)者古恩教學(xué)法是根據(jù)自己觀察小孩如何運用語言來創(chuàng)建的。他主張學(xué)生使用外語來描述一系列關(guān)聯(lián)動作組成的事。GouinseriesStandu
6、p．Gotothedoor．Openthedoor．Gooutoftheroom．Comeintotheroom．Closethedoor．Gobacktoyourplace．Sitdown．⑹Towardthelate19thcenturyIPA(InternationalPhoneticAlphabet)TheemphasisonnaturallangaugelearningprinciplesultimatelyledtothedevelopmentofwhatcametobeknownastheDirectMethod.⑺Teachingmethodsinthe20
7、thcentury:TheAudiolingualMethod（聽說法）---ALMTheOralApproachandtheSituationalLanguageTeaching(口語法和情景教學(xué)法）CommunicativeLanguageTeaching(交際法)---CLTTotalPhysicalResponse(全身反應(yīng)法)---TPRTheSilentWay(沉默法)CommunityLanguageLearning(社團(tuán)學(xué)習(xí)法)TheNaturalApproach(自然法)Suggestopedia
