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1、BoneTissueEngineering21J.C.ReichertandD.W.Hutmacher21.1Introductioncontainsosteoblastsandosteoprogenitorcells.Theouterfibrouslayerprovideselasticityandflexibilityandfacilitatestheinsertionoftendons,ligaments,andBoneisacomplex,living,constantlychangingtissue.muscles.Thecambiumiscapableoffor
2、mingnormalBoneconsistsofcancellousandcorticalbone.Thislamellarboneappositiononcorticalbonethatgrowsinarchitectureallowstheskeletontoperformitsessentialwidth,andofformingprimary,wovenboneafteramechanicalfunctions.Corticalboneformstheouterfracture.layerofbone.Thistissuegivesbonestheirsmooth,
3、Thegrossstructureofalongbonecanbedividedwhite,andsolidappearance,andaccountsfor80%ofintoseveralregions(Fig.21.1).Theepiphysisdefinesthetotalbonemassofanadultskeleton.Thestiffcorti-theregionbetweenthegrowthplateorgrowthplatecalbonerespondsslowlytochangesinloadsanditsscarandtheexpandedendofb
4、one,coveredbyarticu-mainfunctionistosupportthebody,protectorgans,larcartilage.Anepiphysisinaskeletallymatureper-provideleversformovement,and(sharedwithcancel-sonconsistsofabundanttrabecularboneandathinlousbone)storeminerals.Fillingtheinterioroftheshellofcorticalbone.Theepiphysisisthelocati
5、onoforganisthetrabecularorcancellousbonetissue,whichsecondaryossificationcentersduringdevelopment.iscomposedofanetworkofrod-andplate-likeele-Themetaphysisisthejunctionalregionbetweenthementsthatmaketheoverallorganlighterandallowsgrowthplateandthediaphysis.Themetaphysiscon-roomforbloodvesse
6、lsandmarrow.Cancellousbonetainsabundanttrabecularbone,butthecorticalbonehasamuchlargersurfaceareaperunitvolumeandathinshererelativetothediaphysis.Thisregionisagreaterrateofmetabolicactivity.Theexternalsurfacecommonsiteformanyprimarybonetumorsandsimi-ofboneiscoveredbyperiosteum[42].larlesio
7、ns.ThediaphysisistheshaftoflongbonesandPeriosteumandboneareconnectedbycollagenousislocatedintheregionbetweenmetaphyses,composedfibersreferredtoasSharpeyfibers.Thesefiberspene-mainlyofcompactcorticalbone.Themedullarycanaltratetheentirecortexatsitesexposedtohigh
