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1、Downloadedfromhttp://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/onAugust12,2018Proc.R.Soc.B(2011)278,1195–1202doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.1550Publishedonline6October2010Geneticdiversity,parasiteprevalenceandimmunityinwildbumblebeesPenelopeR.Whitehorn1,*,MatthewC.Tinsley1,MarkJ.F.Brown2,BenDarvill1andDaveGoulson11Sch
2、oolofBiologicalandEnvironmentalSciences,UniversityofStirling,StirlingFK94LA,UK2SchoolofBiologicalSciences,RoyalHolloway,UniversityofLondon,Egham,SurreyTW200EX,UKInbreedingandaconsequentlossofgeneticdiversitythreatensmall,isolatedpopulations.Onemechan-ismbywhichgeneticallyimpoverishedpopulationsmaybe
3、comeextinctisthroughdecreasedimmunocompetenceandhighersusceptibilitytoparasites.Here,weinvestigatetherelationshipbetweenimmunityandinbreedinginbumblebees,usingHebrideanislandpopulationsofBombusmuscorum.Wesampledninepopulationsandrecordedparasiteprevalenceandmeasuredtwoaspectsofimmunity:theencapsulat
4、ionresponseandlevelsofphenoloxidase(PO).WefoundthatprevalenceofthegutparasiteCrithidiabombiwashigherinpopulationswithlowergeneticdiversity.Neithermeasureofimmuneactivitywascorrelatedwithgeneticdiversity.However,levelsofPOdeclinedwithageandwerealsonegativelycorrelatedwithparasiteabundance.Ourresultss
5、uggestthatasinsectpopulationsloseheterozygosity,theimpactofparasitismwillincrease,pushingthreatenedpopulationsclosertoextinction.Keywords:inbreeding;socialinsects;heterozygosity;disease;immunedefence1.INTRODUCTIONspecies[12–14].However,inbreedingcandecreaseGeneticdiversityiscrucialinmaintainingthe?t
6、nessofinvertebratepathogenresistanceattheindividuallevel,populationsbyallowingthemtowithstandshort-termeitherthroughthelossofspeci?cresistancealleles[15],environmentalperturbationsandevolveinresponsetoreduceddefensivebehaviour[16]oraloweref?cacyoflong-termenvironmentalchange[1].Small,isolatedgrouple
7、veldiseaseresistance[17].Atthepopulationpopulationsareatriskfromlosingtheirgeneticdiversity,level,parasitetransmissionandtheprobabilityofinfec-eitheroverthelongterm,predominantlyasaresultoftionishighe
