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1、PHILOSOPHYPresocraticsSocratesandstudentsCopyright?PollyHooverBeginningofPhilosophyHowwastheworldcreated?WhoamI?AmIhappy?HowdoIknowanything?Whatistheworldmadeof?Isthereadivinityordivinities?Whatdowemeanbyknowledge?Hesiod,TheogonyGaiaandUranuscreatetheworldOrganizedthroughhierarchyofgodsHumanex
2、periencereflectsexplanationSexualintercourseasuniversalMythologyasphilosophy~750BCE(contemporaryof“Homer”)AlcmanWorldcreatedthroughorganizationofmaterialVocabularyMetaphorNarrativeExamplesGoal,craftsman,bronzematerialPresocraticsMaterialistsWhatmaterialistheworldmadeof?Thales–waterHeraclitus–F
3、ire(withlogos)Empedocles–Fire,air,water,earth(withStrifeandLove)PythagorasInfluencedSocratesandPlatoWrotenothing?ImmortalityofthesoulGreekmodalsysteminmusicPythagoreantheoremMathematicsas‘substance’oftheworldAristotleFour‘causes’ofathingMaterial–whatathingismadeofFormal–explanationofform,itses
4、senceEfficient–primarysource(causeinmodernsense)Final–purpose(thepurposeofwalkingishealth,thepurposeoftheacornisanoak)UncausedCauserorUnmovedmoverPlato,SymposiumBanquetformenonlyPhilosophicaldiscussionamongfriendsLotsofwineandteasing/flirtingWhatislove?Whatdoesitmeantobeaman?Howdoweknowthatwe’
5、reinlove?Isituniversal(thesameforeveryone)orparticular(differentforeveryone)?Doesitmatterwhomyoulove?WhatistheWesternChristianviewoflove?GuestsGiveOpinionsPhaedrusPausanias:2ErosEryximachus:ErosinnatureRidiculeofscientificargumentsAristophanesComicpoetThreesexesFolktaleandnarrativeNotphilosoph
6、icalargumentWhy?AgathonEncomium(praise-poem)ofErosSocratesinterrogatesAgathonDesireforsomethingornothing?Desireforsomethingwedon’thave?Erosdesiresbeauty.Therefore,Erosisnotbeautiful.Goodisbeautiful.Therefore,Erosdoesnothavewhatisgood.DiotimaRolereversal?ErosisintermediarybetweendivineandhumanA
7、licibiadesPraiseofSocratesQuestionsWhatwerethePresocraticapproachestoexplainingtheworld?Howdidthesedifferfromthatofmythology?DoesSocratesincludesexualdesireinhismeaningoflove?Isloveuniversalorparticular,accordingtoSocrates?MoreQuestions
