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1、畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯外文題目：TheCausesandConsequencesofLandUseRegulation:EvidencefromGreaterBoston出處：NBERWorkingPaperNo.12601IssuedinOctober2006作者：EdwardL.Glaeser,BryceA.WardAbstractOverthepast30years,easternMassachusettshasseenaremarkablecombinationofrisinghomepricesanddecliningsupplyofnewhomes.Thereductionsinn
2、ewsupplydon'tappeartoreflectareallackofland,butinsteadreflectaresponsetoman-maderestrictionsondevelopment.Inthispaper,weexaminetheland-useregulationsingreaterBoston.Therehasbeenalargeincreaseinthenumberofnewregulations,whichdifferwidelyoverspace.Fewvariables,otherthanhistoricaldensityandabundantr
3、ecreationalwater,reliablypredicttheseregulations.Highlotsizesandotherregulationsareassociatedwithlessconstruction.Theregulationsboostpricesbydecreasingdensity,butdensitylevelsseemfartoolowtomaximizetotallandvalue.I．IntroductionOverthepast25years,manyU.S.citieshaveexperiencedaremarkablecombination
4、ofincreasesinhousingpricesanddecreasesinnewconstruction(Glaeser,GyourkoandSaks,2005).Bostonisanextremeexampleofthisphenomenon.Itspriceshaverisendramatically.Table1showsthatbasedonOfficeofFederalHousingEnterpriseOversight(OFHEO)repeatsalesindices,threeofthefourmetropolitansubdivisionswiththegreate
5、stpriceappreciationbetween1980and2004areintheBostonregion(Boston-Quincy,Cambridge-NewtonandSuffolk).Atthesametime,asFigure1shows,thetotalnumberofpermitsissuedintheBostonmetropolitanareadeclinedfrom172,000duringthe1960sto141,000duringthe1980sto84,000duringthe1990s.Thecombinationofrisingpricesandde
6、cliningnewsupplysuggeststhatBoston’shighpricesreflectmorethanjustrisingdemand.Afterall,withoutincreasinglyinelasticsupply,anincreaseindemandshouldleadtohigherpricesandmoreconstruction.OnehypothesisisthatsupplyhasbecomeincreasinglyinelasticintheBostonareabecauseGreaterBostonisrunningoutofland.InSe
7、ctionIIofthispaper,werefutethishypothesis.WithintheBostonregion,higherdensitiesareassociatedwithmorepermitting,notless.Evenifdensitydidsignificantlydecreasepermitting,housingdensitiesingreaterBostonjusthavenotchangeden
