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《euphemism(委婉語的類型 功能與解讀)》由會員上傳分享，免費在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫。
1、Chapter2:PragmaticFunctionsofEuphemismAvarietyofeuphemismsinallfieldsshareuniversalfunctionsincommunication.Euphemismisa“l(fā)ubricant”ininterpersonalrelationssinceeuphemisticexpressionscanavoidbeingpresumptuousinlanguagecommunicationanddeliberatelylessensthenegativeorunp
2、leasantconnotationsandremindspeopleofnicerimages.Whenwehavetotouchuponsometopicsthatareunpleasant,wetendtochoosemoreeuphemisticexpressionstosubstitutethosepainfultopicssoasnottohurtthehearer’sfeeling.Euphemismplaysaveryimportantroleincommunication.Generallyspeaking,eu
3、phemismservesfourbasicpragmaticfunctions:evasionfunction,indirectnessfunction,politenessfunctionanddecorationfunction.2.1EvasionFunctionWordsarepowerfulandthereticenceandfearthatsometabooedtermsarouseinpeoplecanbestrong(AllanandBurridge1991).Peoplearesubjectedtovariet
4、iesoffear,suchasdisease,death,war,oldage,povertyandanysortofdisability;peoplealsofearsupernaturalforces,thatwesuppose,maycomefromreligionandsuperstition;peoplefearthenegativesidesofourlivesaswell.Pragmatically,thephenomenonoflinguistictaboohasexistedinalmostallnations
5、acrosstheworld.Thetabooedthingsarebelievedtobedangeroustocertainindividuals,ortothesocietyasawhole,ortobedisgustedandunpleasantinthatviolatingthetaboowouldautomaticallycauseharmevendeathtotheviolatororhis/herfellows.Theevasionfunctionofeuphemismsistoevadeusingtaboos,e
6、nablingthespeakertotalkaboutthetabooedthingsfreely.Forexample,thewordcancerhascometobeequatedwithmalignancy,corruptionanddeath,soitisgenerallyshunned.Instead,peopleprefertousegrowthsandtumorssincebothcanbebenignwhereastheviewprevailsthatcancercanneverbebenign.Inwester
7、nsocieties,althoughsexeducationisverypopular,thisdoesnotmeantheycanuseallthewordsrelatedtosexwithoutchoice.Exceptforsomemedicaltermsinaspecialsituation,theymayuseeuphemisticwordstotalkaboutit.Theevasionfunctionofsucheuphemismshelpspeopletomeettheneedsofmoralityandfaci
8、litatecommunication.Anotherexample,peoplehaveseldommentionedthetermsaboutthereproductiondirectly.Therearemanyeuphemismsforpr
