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1、OnEnglishEuphemism摘要：委婉語是人類語言使用過程中的一種普通現(xiàn)象，是人們談?wù)撃切┝钊瞬豢旎驅(qū)擂蔚氖虑闀r，所使用的的較為禮貌的說法。它是一種修辭格，更是一種文化現(xiàn)象。委婉語源于社會禁忌，既有宗教性、階級性，又有時代性，在不同程度上反映了某一國家、地域和時代所認同的思維模式、價值觀和道德觀等。委婉語是英漢語言中共同的語言現(xiàn)象，多種形式的委婉語折射出中西方形態(tài)各異的社會文化背景，反映出形形色色的社會心理狀態(tài)和語言文化內(nèi)涵。了解東西方委婉語的文化差異，有益于減少跨文化交際中的障礙。關(guān)鍵詞：委婉語；禁忌；文化淵源Abstract:Eu
2、phemismisacommonphenomenonintheprocessofhumanlanguageusing,andisapolitewayusedwhenpeopletalkaboutthoseunhappyorembarrassedthings.Itisafigureofspeech,furthermoreakindofculturalphenomenon.Euphemismstemsfromsocialtaboo,ithasthestateofbeingreligious,classaswellastimes,andtovary
3、ingdegreesitreflectsthepatternofthinking,values,moralconceptetc..ofonecountry,regionanderaapproved.EuphemismisthecommonlanguagephenomenoninbothEnglishandChinese,diversifiedformsofeuphemismrefractoutdifferentformsofculturalbackgroundbetweenChineseandWestern,refracteverydescr
4、iptionofsocialpsychologicalcondition,languageandculturalintension.Itisusefultoreducetheobstacleincross-languagecommunicationbyfindingouttheculturaldifferenceofeuphemismbetweenEastandWest.Keywords:euphemisms;taboo;culturalorigin第18頁共18頁IntroductionEuphemismandhistoricallingu
5、isticsHistoricallinguisticshasrevealedtracesoftaboodeformationsinmanylanguages.SeveralareknowntohaveoccurredinIndo-European,includingtheoriginalIndo-Europeanwordsforbear(*rktos),wolf(*wlkwos),anddeer(originally,hart).IndifferentIndo-Europeanlanguages,eachofthesewordshasadif
6、ficultetymologybecauseoftaboodeformations—aeuphemismwassubstitutedfortheoriginal,whichnolongeroccursinthelanguage.AnexampleistheSlavicrootforbear—*medu-ed-,whichmeans"honeyeater"(Levinson,2001)InsomelanguagesofthePacific,usingthenameofadeceasedchiefistaboo.Sincepeopleareoft
7、ennamedaftereverydaythings,thisleadstotheswiftdevelopmentofeuphemisms.Theselanguageshaveaveryhighrateofvocabularychange.The"euphemismtreadmill"EuphemismscaneventuallybecometaboowordsthemselvesthroughaprocessthelinguistStevenPinkerhascalledtheeuphemismtreadmill(cf.Gresham'sL
8、awineconomics).Wordsoriginallyintendedaseuphemisms,or"politicallycorrect"phrases,m
