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1、杯芳炷的研究進(jìn)展白城師范學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文指導(dǎo)教師:學(xué)生姓名:專業(yè):起止時(shí)間:開題時(shí)間:劉戎2010.12—2011.062010.12摘要對(duì)位取代的苯酚與甲醛在堿性條件下反應(yīng)得到的一類環(huán)狀縮合物叫做杯芳炷。由于英外形與希臘圣杯(或酒杯)相似,故C,utsche最早把其命名為杯芳桂。它是繼冠醯和環(huán)糊精之后,出現(xiàn)的“第三代超分子”。所謂超分子,Lehn定義為:“超分子化學(xué)是超出單個(gè)分子以外的化學(xué),它是有關(guān)超分子體系結(jié)構(gòu)與功能的學(xué)科。超分子體系是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的分子通過(guò)分子間超分子作用聯(lián)接起來(lái)的實(shí)體?!彼且婚T新興的學(xué)科。杯芳炷分子具有獨(dú)特的結(jié)構(gòu)。在其分子中,上緣是由苯環(huán)的對(duì)位取代基組成
2、;下緣則由緊密而有規(guī)律地排列著的酚疑基組成:中間則由苯環(huán)構(gòu)成一個(gè)富電子憎水空腔。另外,通過(guò)控制不同的反應(yīng)條件,并改變杯芳坯的空腔大小,對(duì)杯芳坯上緣的苯環(huán)對(duì)位、下緣的酚耗基以及連接苯環(huán)單元的亞甲基進(jìn)行各種選擇性官能化,可以獲得多種具有高度選擇性的主體分子。由于其獨(dú)特結(jié)構(gòu)使其具有模擬酶功能,同時(shí)也是分析化學(xué)屮的高選擇性配體,從而引起了化學(xué)家們廣泛的興趣,特別是在近幾十年來(lái),杯芳桂化學(xué)得到迅猛發(fā)屜。它的應(yīng)用不但涉及到生命科學(xué)、催化反應(yīng)、分析分離、離子載體、環(huán)境化學(xué)等眾多的領(lǐng)域。關(guān)鍵詞杯芳坯杯芳坯的產(chǎn)牛杯芳坯的性質(zhì)杯芳坯的應(yīng)用AbstractContrapuntaireplacewithfo
3、rmaldehydephenolinalkalineconditionsakindofannularcondensationreactiongetcalledcalixarenething.BecauseofitsappearsneeandGreekchalice(orglass)similar,sotheutscheC,namedfortheearliestofcalixarenes.Itisthecrownethersandcyclodextrins,emergeneeof"thirdgenerationsupramolecular".So-calledLehnsupramole
4、cular,definedas:"supramolecularchemistryisbeyondasinglemolecularoutsideofthechemical,it'saboutsupramolecularsystemstructureandfunctionsubject?Supramolecularsystemiscomposedoftwoormorethantwomoleculesthroughbetweenthemoleculesofsupramolecularrole."linkupentityItisanewdiscipline.Calixarenesmo
5、leculeswithuniquestructure?Intheirmolecules,theupperrimisbythematchupsubstituentsbenzenecomposed;Bycloselyandinferiorislinedbyregularlyphenolicgroupcomposition:themiddleiscomposedofbenzeneconstituteaelectron-richhatewatercavity.Inaddition,throughthecontrolofdifferentreactionconditions,andchange
6、ofcalixarenescavitysize,themarginofcalixarenesbenzeneregistration,onthefirstofthephenolicgroupandconnectionofbenzeneunitofmethylenegroupofselectivity,canobtainvarioussensesthesubjectofahighlyselectivemolecules.Becauseofitsuniquestructure,makeitshavemimicenzymesfunction,butalsothehighselectivity
7、inanalyticalchemistry,whichcausedtheligandchemistshavebroadinterests,especiallyduringthepastseveraldecades,calixarenechemicalrapidhairdrawer.Itsapplicationsnotonlyinvolvesthelifesciences,catalyticreactionandanalysisseparation,ionc