資源描述：
《機(jī)械專業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)---外文翻譯》由會(huì)員上傳分享，免費(fèi)在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在工程資料-天天文庫(kù)。
1、FailureAnalysis,DimensionalDeterminationAndAnalysis,ApplicationsOfCamsINTRODUCTIONItisabsolutelyessentialthatadesignengineerknowhowandwhypartsfailsothatreliablemachinesthatrequireminimummaintenancecanbedesigned-Sometimesafailurecanbeserious,suchaswhenatireblowsoutonanautomobiletravelingath
2、ighspeed.Ontheotherhand,afailuremaybenomorethananuisance.Anexampleisthelooseningoftheradiatorhoseinanautomobilecoolingsystem.Theconsequenceofthislatterfailureisusuallythelossofsomeradiatorcoolant,aconditionthatisreadilydetectedandcorrected.Thetypeofloadapartabsorbsisjustassignificantasthem
3、agnitude.Generallyspeaking,dynamicloadswithdirectionreversalscausegreaterdifficultythanstaticloads,andtherefore,fatiguestrengthmustbeconsidered.Anotherconcerniswhetherthematerialisductileorbrittle.Forexample,brittlematerialsareconsideredtobeunacceptablewherefatigueisinvolved.Manypeoplemist
4、akinglyinterpretthewordfailuretomeantheactualbreakageofapart.However,adesignengineermustconsiderabroaderunderstandingofwhatappreciabledeformationoccurs.Aductilematerial,howeverwilldeformalargeamountpriortorupture.Excessivedeformation,withoutfracture,maycauseamachinetofailbecausethedeformed
5、partinterfereswithamovingsecondpart.Therefore,apartfails(evenifithasnotphysicallybroken)wheneveritnolongerfulfillsitsrequiredfunction.Sometimesfailuremaybeduetoabnormalfrictionorvibrationbetweentwomatingparts.Failurealsomaybeduetoaphenomenoncalledcreep,whichistheplasticflowofamaterialunder
6、loadatelevatedtemperatures.Inaddition,theactualshapeofapartmayberesponsibleforfailure.Forexample,stressconcentrationsduetosuddenchangesincontourmustbetakenintoaccount.Evaluationofstressconsiderationsisespeciallyimportantwhentherearedynamicloadswithdirectionreversalsandthematerialisnotveryd
7、uctile.Ingeneralthedesignengineermustconsiderallpossiblemodesoffailurewhichincludethefollowing.StressDeformationWearCorrosionVibrationEnvironmentaldamageLooseningoffasteningdevicesThepartsizesandshapesselectedalsomusttakeintoaccountmanydimensionalfactorsthatpr
