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1、1VIROLOGYYingchunHou,M.D.,Ph.D.SchoolofLifeSciencesShaanxiNormalUniversity2IntroducingMyselfUniversityStudent:Xi’anMedicalCollegeMasterDegree:KunmingMedicalCollegeBasicMedicalTeacher:FMMUPh.D.Degree:FMMUPhysician(InternalMedicine)inXi-JingHospitalResearchAssociate:WayneStateUniver
2、sityPostdoctoralScholar:NIHPostdoctoralResearchFellow:WayneStateUniversitySeniorScientist:VAMedicalCenter,Detroit,MIProfessor:SNNU3Chapter1:VirusandVirologyVirus:Virusesbelongtomicroorganism,buttheyarethemostsimplebiologicalorganismintheworldthatcontainDNAorRNAcoreandproteincoator
3、capsidonly(Virion).Virusesaresosmallthatyoucanseethemunderapowerfulmicroscopeorelectromicroscopeonly.Thelifecycleofvirusesisverysimplethatshowsvirusreplicationonly.Allofvirusmustsurviveincells.4Mostofvirusesareveryharmfultohumanbeing,animal,orplants.Noanyantibioticissensitivetovir
4、ussofar.So,virusdiseasesaremorethreatenedthanothermicro-organismstohumanhealth.Pseudovirus:Some“virus”containsDNAorRNAinside,buttheDNAorRNAisfromhost.Pseudoviruscannotbereplicated,anditisnotpathogenalso.ReversetranscriptvirusorDNAprovirus:SomeRNAviruscanbereverselytranscribedascDN
5、A,andthecDNAcancombineintothegenomeofhost.Viroid:Nocoatorcapsid,so,thenucleicacidisnude.Viroidisthepathogentoplantsusually.Phage:Thevirusparasitesinbacteriaonly.5VirologyandItsImportancetoUsVirology:Aacademicfieldthatincludestheresearchesonvirusandcontrolthevirustoprotecthumanbein
6、gandplant.Sometimeandforsomevirus,wecanusethevirustomakeresearches.Therolesofvirusestothedevelopmentoflifesciences:Virusdiseases,cardiovasculardiseases,andcancersarethemainkillerstomodernhumanbeing.Exceptingthat,virologyisveryimportantforthedevelopmentoflifesciencesasthefollows:6T
7、heRoleofAnimalVirusesinUnderstandingtheBasicOutlinesofEukaryoticGeneRegulation:Thefirsttranscriptionalenhancerelement(actsinanorientation-anddistance-independentfashion)wasdescribedintheSV40genome,aswasadistance-andorientation-dependentpromoterelementobservedwiththesamevirus.Thetr
8、anscriptionfactorsthatbindtothepr
