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1、第35卷第4期航天返回與遙感2014年8月SPACECRAFTRECOVERY&REMOTESENSING9遙感衛(wèi)星平臺與載荷一體化構(gòu)型徐慶鶴范立佳高洪濤盧清榮史海濤(北京空間飛行器總體設(shè)計(jì)部,北京100094)摘要隨著遙感衛(wèi)星制造技術(shù)的不斷提高,高精度、高敏捷性、低成本遙感衛(wèi)星的需求日益強(qiáng)烈。平臺與載荷一體化設(shè)計(jì)是未來高精度、高敏捷性、低成本遙感衛(wèi)星發(fā)展的重要方向之一,平臺與載荷一體化構(gòu)型設(shè)計(jì)是平臺與載荷一體化遙感衛(wèi)星的關(guān)鍵。目前已有多顆平臺與載荷一體化構(gòu)型的遙感衛(wèi)星在軌飛行,中國尚處于起步階段。文
2、章分析了平臺與載荷一體化設(shè)計(jì)的遙感衛(wèi)星構(gòu)型;從提高圖像定位精度、降低衛(wèi)星質(zhì)量、降低建造成本等方面,分析了平臺與載荷一體化構(gòu)型的優(yōu)勢;對載荷設(shè)計(jì)需具有整星級優(yōu)化理念、載荷需提供多種接口、平臺與載荷間具有強(qiáng)耦合關(guān)系等一體化構(gòu)型的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了總結(jié);給出了一體化構(gòu)型的建議,如整星形狀設(shè)計(jì)、主承力結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、大型部件布局等。關(guān)鍵詞遙感衛(wèi)星構(gòu)型平臺載荷一體化中圖分類號:V443+.5文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A文章編號:1009-8518(2014)04-0009-08DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-8518.20
3、14.04.002IntegratedConfigurationDesignofPlatformandPayloadforRemoteSensingSatelliteXUQingheFANLijiaGAOHongtaoLUQingrongSHIHaitao(InstituteofSpacecraftSystemEngineeringCAST,Beijing100094,China)AbstractAsthemodernremotesensingsatellitetechnologydeveloping
4、,thedemandsforhighresolution,highagilityandlowcostarebecomingmoreandmoreurgent.Theintegrateddesignofremotesensingsatelliteisanimportantdirectionforhighresolution,highagilityandlowcostremotesensingsatellite.Theintegratedconfigurationdesignisacrucialfacto
5、rforsatelliteintegrateddesign.Severalremotesensingsatellitesofinte-gratedconfigurationhavebeeninorbitabroad,butitisonlyatthebeginningofdevelopmentathome.Thepa-peranalyzestheconfigurationofremotesensingsatelliteintegrationdesignandgivestheadvantagesofthe
6、configurationdesignaspromotingpositioningaccuracyanddecreasingmassandcost.Itpointsoutthedifficul-tiesandcharacteristicslikesystematicallyconsideringloaddesign,providingmulti-interfaceonloadandstrongcouplingbetweenplatformandpayload.Finally,itmakessugges
7、tionsonconstructingtheshape,designingthemainframeandplacingthelargeequipment.Keywordsremotesensingsatellite;configuration;platform;payload;integration0引言隨著遙感衛(wèi)星技術(shù)的發(fā)展和整體性能的提升,光學(xué)相機(jī)載荷的體積日益增大,使得傳統(tǒng)分艙設(shè)計(jì)的衛(wèi)星整體尺寸變大,在衛(wèi)星整體發(fā)射質(zhì)量、衛(wèi)星成本、力學(xué)性能上都會存在很多困難。平臺與載荷的一收稿日期:2014-03
8、-0310航天返回與遙感2014年第35卷體化設(shè)計(jì)則可以突破原有服務(wù)艙(推進(jìn)艙)、載荷艙的設(shè)計(jì)模式,整星以相機(jī)載荷為中心實(shí)現(xiàn)整體集成化設(shè)計(jì),可以顯著降低衛(wèi)星質(zhì)量、減小衛(wèi)星尺寸、降低衛(wèi)星成本、提高衛(wèi)星剛度。平臺與載荷的一體化設(shè)[1-2]計(jì)需要在機(jī)械、電子、熱學(xué)等方面統(tǒng)籌設(shè)計(jì),而遙感衛(wèi)星的構(gòu)型設(shè)計(jì)將影響機(jī)械、電子、熱以及電磁學(xué)設(shè)計(jì),因此遙感衛(wèi)星構(gòu)型設(shè)計(jì)是平臺與載荷一體化衛(wèi)星的關(guān)鍵。近年來歐美發(fā)射的遙感衛(wèi)星多采用平臺與載荷一體化的構(gòu)型形式,如2009年法國發(fā)射