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1、高中英語定語從句詳解◆英語諺語欣賞1.Hewhoknowsnothingbutpretendstoknoweverythingisindeedagood-for–nothing.不懂裝懂,一事無成.2.It’sthefirststepthatcosts.千里之行,始于足下3.Hethatmakeshimselfasheepshallbeeatenbythewolf.甘當(dāng)小綿羊,遲早要喂狼.Ⅰ.概念:(1)定語從句:在主從復(fù)合句中用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊接在先行詞(antecedent)后面。(2)先行詞:被定語從句修
2、飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個(gè)詞,短語,或整個(gè)主句。(3)引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞,分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞的作用:1)引導(dǎo)定語從句,連接主句和從句,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)連詞;2)必在從句中作某個(gè)句子成份(可以做主語,賓語,表語,定語,狀語)常用的關(guān)系代詞:that、which、who、whom、whose、as常用的關(guān)系副詞(在從句中只作狀語):when、why、whereThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.Theboy(whom)yo
3、uaretalkingtoismybrother.I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.定語從句三步:第一找出先行詞;第二看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能(做主語、賓語或狀語);第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞。Ⅱ.幾個(gè)關(guān)系代詞的基本用法:●that:可指人或物;在定語從句中作主語,賓語,表語。(指人時(shí),相當(dāng)于who或whom;指物時(shí),相當(dāng)于which)(一般不用于非限制性定語從句;不可置于介詞后作賓語)如:1.Aletterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficult
4、toread.(主語)2.Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow?3.Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.(賓語)4.Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout?5.Hereistheman(who/whom/that)youwanttosee.6.She'snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore.(表語)7.Ourhometownisnolongertheone(tha
5、t)itusedtobe.=Ourhometownisnotthesameasitusedtobe.=Ourhometownisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe。=Ourhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.●which:指物;在定語從句中作主語,賓語,表語,定語。如:1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.(主語)2.Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.(賓語)
6、3.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisfarfromhere.4.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.(表語)5.Tomspentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.(定語)6.Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.●who,whom,whose:who:主格,在從句中作主語,在口語或非正式用法中作賓語;只可指人whom:賓格,在從句中作賓語;只可指人who
7、se:屬格,在從句中作定語,可指人也可指物。Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.(主語)Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.(代詞如he,they,any,those,all,one等后多用who.)Chaplin,forwhomlifehadoncebeenveryhard,wasasuccessasanactor.(賓語)He'samanfromwhomweshouldlearn.=He'saman(whom/who/that)weshouldlearnfrom.Achild
8、whoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.(指人)I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.(指物)=I'dlikearoomofwhichthewindowfacessouth