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1、高中定語(yǔ)從句詳細(xì)講解（一）定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)1．定語(yǔ)從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。2．先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3．關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。???關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that,?which,?who,?whom,?whose,?as等；關(guān)系副詞有when,?where,?why等。其中，當(dāng)先行詞是人時(shí)，who,whom,whose,that;先行詞是物時(shí)，that,which,whose?????關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個(gè)作用：A、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；B、代替先行詞
2、；C、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。例如：?HarryPotteristheboywhohasmagicpower.??該句中，whohasmagicpower?是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞theboy，?“who”是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞，代替先行詞theboy，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。（二）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1．who??指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。The?boys?who?are?playing?football?are?from?Class?One.????正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those?who?want?to?go?to?the?mus
3、eum?must?be?at?the?school?gate?at?7?tomorrow?morning.???想去博物館的人必須在明晨7點(diǎn)到大門(mén)口集合。2．whom??指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，常可省略。?Mr?Liu?is?the?person?(?whom?)?you?talked?about?on?the?bus.??????劉先生就是你們?cè)诠财?chē)上談?wù)摰哪莻€(gè)人。The?girl?(?whom?)?the?teacher?often?praises?is?our?monitor.????老師經(jīng)常表?yè)P(yáng)的那個(gè)女孩是我們的班長(zhǎng)。?注意
4、：關(guān)系代詞whom?在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中?？捎脀ho?來(lái)代替，也可省略。???????The?man?(?whom?/?who?)you?met?just?now?is?my?old?friend.3．Which?指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷浴he?factory?which?makes?computers?is?far?away?from?here.?制造計(jì)算機(jī)的那家公司離這兒很遠(yuǎn)。This?is?the?pen?(?which?)?he?bought?yesterday.???這是他昨天買(mǎi)的鋼筆。4．That?指
5、人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who?或whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷浴he?number?of?people?that?/?who?come?to?visit?this?city?each?year?reaches?one?million.???每年來(lái)參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達(dá)一百萬(wàn)。The?person?that?/whom?you?introduced?to?me?is?very?kind.???你介紹給我的那個(gè)人很友好。Yesterday?I?received?a?letter?that?/?which?
6、came?from?Australia.??昨天我收到了一封來(lái)自澳大利亞的信。5．Whose??通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)。He?has?a?friend?whose?father?is?a?doctor.???他有一個(gè)爸爸當(dāng)醫(yī)生的朋友。I?once?lived?in?the?house?whose?roof?has?fallen?in.???我曾經(jīng)住在那幢屋頂已經(jīng)倒塌了的房子里。注意：指物時(shí)，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替：The?classroom?whose?door?is?broken?will?soon?be?repaired.
7、The?classroom?the?door?of?which?is?broken?will?soon?be?repaired.?6.關(guān)系代詞總結(jié)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)（that可省略）定語(yǔ)指人WhoThatWhom（優(yōu)先）WhoThatWhose（ofwhom）指物WhichThatWhichThatWhose（ofwhich）指人和物ThatThatWhose（三）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。The?school?(which?/?that)?he?once?studied?i
8、n?is?very?famous.The?school?in?which?he?once?studied?is?very?famous.??他曾經(jīng)就讀過(guò)的學(xué)校很出名。Tomorrow?I’ll
