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1、高中定語(yǔ)從句詳細(xì)講解(一)定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)1.定語(yǔ)從句:修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。2.先行詞:被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3.關(guān)系詞:引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。???關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that,?which,?who,?whom,?whose,?as等;關(guān)系副詞有when,?where,?why等。其中,當(dāng)先行詞是人時(shí),who,whom,whose,that;先行詞是物時(shí),that,which,whose?????關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個(gè)作用:A、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句;B、代替先行詞
2、;C、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。例如:?HarryPotteristheboywhohasmagicpower.??該句中,whohasmagicpower?是定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞theboy,?“who”是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞,代替先行詞theboy,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。(二)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.who??指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。The?boys?who?are?playing?football?are?from?Class?One.????正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those?who?want?to?go?to?the?mus
3、eum?must?be?at?the?school?gate?at?7?tomorrow?morning.???想去博物館的人必須在明晨7點(diǎn)到大門(mén)口集合。2.whom??指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ),常可省略。?Mr?Liu?is?the?person?(?whom?)?you?talked?about?on?the?bus.??????劉先生就是你們?cè)诠财?chē)上談?wù)摰哪莻€(gè)人。The?girl?(?whom?)?the?teacher?often?praises?is?our?monitor.????老師經(jīng)常表?yè)P(yáng)的那個(gè)女孩是我們的班長(zhǎng)。?注意
4、:關(guān)系代詞whom?在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中??捎脀ho?來(lái)代替,也可省略。???????The?man?(?whom?/?who?)you?met?just?now?is?my?old?friend.3.Which?指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)??墒÷浴he?factory?which?makes?computers?is?far?away?from?here.?制造計(jì)算機(jī)的那家公司離這兒很遠(yuǎn)。This?is?the?pen?(?which?)?he?bought?yesterday.???這是他昨天買(mǎi)的鋼筆。4.That?指
5、人時(shí),相當(dāng)于who?或whom;指物時(shí),相當(dāng)于which。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)??墒÷浴he?number?of?people?that?/?who?come?to?visit?this?city?each?year?reaches?one?million.???每年來(lái)參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達(dá)一百萬(wàn)。The?person?that?/whom?you?introduced?to?me?is?very?kind.???你介紹給我的那個(gè)人很友好。Yesterday?I?received?a?letter?that?/?which?
6、came?from?Australia.??昨天我收到了一封來(lái)自澳大利亞的信。5.Whose??通常指人,也可指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)。He?has?a?friend?whose?father?is?a?doctor.???他有一個(gè)爸爸當(dāng)醫(yī)生的朋友。I?once?lived?in?the?house?whose?roof?has?fallen?in.???我曾經(jīng)住在那幢屋頂已經(jīng)倒塌了的房子里。注意:指物時(shí),常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替:The?classroom?whose?door?is?broken?will?soon?be?repaired.
7、The?classroom?the?door?of?which?is?broken?will?soon?be?repaired.?6.關(guān)系代詞總結(jié)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(that可省略)定語(yǔ)指人WhoThatWhom(優(yōu)先)WhoThatWhose(ofwhom)指物WhichThatWhichThatWhose(ofwhich)指人和物ThatThatWhose(三)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。The?school?(which?/?that)?he?once?studied?i
8、n?is?very?famous.The?school?in?which?he?once?studied?is?very?famous.??他曾經(jīng)就讀過(guò)的學(xué)校很出名。Tomorrow?I’ll