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1、高中定語從句詳細(xì)講解(一)定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語1.定語從句:修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。2.先行詞:被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3.關(guān)系詞:引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。???關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that,?which,?who,?whom,?whose,?as等;關(guān)系副詞有when,?where,?why等。?????關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個作用:A、引導(dǎo)定語從句;B、代替先行詞;C、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。<關(guān)系詞一般出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,從句之首,只有在充當(dāng)賓語成分時才能夠省>例如:?The?ma
2、n?who?is?shaking?hands?with?my?father?is?a?policeman.??(該句中,who?is??shaking?hands?with?my?father?是定語從句,修飾先行詞the?man,?“who”是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞,代替先行詞the?man,在定語從句中作主語。)4.句子的主要成分有:主語、謂語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語、狀語、同位語。WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.Hepracticesrunningeverymorni
3、ng.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.Hishobby(愛好)isplayingfootball.Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展覽)yesterday.Wesawherenteringtheroom.Guilinisabeautifulcity.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.Westudentsshouldrespecttheold.(二)限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句1、限制性定語從句:從句與主句關(guān)系密切,去掉從句,主句意義不完整,甚至不合邏輯。e.g.Iwas
4、theonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvited.(去掉定語從句,意思就不完整)2、非限制性定語從句:從句對先行詞關(guān)系不密切,去掉定從句,意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號隔開,不能that用引導(dǎo)。e.g.Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.(who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,整個句子可分成兩句來翻譯)(二)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.who??指人,在定語從句中作主語,賓語還有表語。The?boys?who?are?playing?football?are?from?Cl
5、ass?One.????正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those?who?want?to?go?to?the?museum?must?be?at?the?school?gate?at?7?tomorrow?morning.???想去博物館的人必須在明晨7點到大門口集合。Yesterday?I?helped?an?old?man?who?had?lost?his?way.??????昨天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先恕hat?is?the?teacher?who?teaches?us?physics.????????那就是教我們物理的老師。2.whom??指人,在
6、定語從句中做賓語,??墒÷浴?Mr?Liu?is?the?person?(?whom?)?you?talked?about?on?the?bus.??????劉先生就是你們在公共汽車上談?wù)摰哪莻€人。Li?Ming?is?just?the?boy?(?whom?)?I?want?to?see.?????李明正是我想要見的男孩。The?professor?(?whom?)?you?are?waiting?for?has?come.??????你正在等的教授已經(jīng)來了。The?girl?(?whom?)?the?teacher?often?praises?is
7、?our?monitor.????老師經(jīng)常表揚的那個女孩是我們的班長。?注意:關(guān)系代詞whom?在口語或非正式文體中??捎脀ho?來代替,也可省略。??????The?man?(?whom?/?who?)you?met?just?now?is?my?old?friend.練習(xí):1.Theman____visitedourschoolyesterdayisfromLondon.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.when2.Thewoman____istalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.A.whoseB.whoC.who
8、mD.which3.Those____wanttogopleasesigntheirnames