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1、高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法通霸1.冠詞的特指、獨(dú)指和類指指的用法3考點(diǎn)1.定冠詞的特指用法定冠詞的特指用法:非常明確地指出何人或何物,相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)中的“這個(gè)/那個(gè);這些/那些”,可以分為前照應(yīng)特指、后照應(yīng)特指和語(yǔ)境特指。A.前照應(yīng)特指名詞帶有后置定語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾限定這個(gè)名詞,表明這個(gè)名詞是特定的某一個(gè)。冠詞在前面與后面的描述照應(yīng)。如:Thisisthebookyoulentmeyesterday.這就是你昨天借給我的那本書(shū)。ThisistheboyfromEngland.這就是來(lái)自英國(guó)的那個(gè)男孩。1.【2015重慶】Ij
2、ustheard____bankwhereDoraworkswasrobbedby______gunmanwearingamask.A.the;/B.a;/C.the;aD.a;the2.【2014陜西】______villagewhereIwasbornhasgrowninto______town.A.The;aB.A;theC.The;theD.A;aB.后照應(yīng)特指第一次提到某物某人時(shí)用不定冠詞,再次提到該人該物時(shí)用定冠詞。冠詞在后面與前面相照應(yīng)。如:Iboughtabookyesterday.
3、Thebookcostme20yuan.3.Thisis_____egg._____eggisbig.A.a;AB.an;AnC.a;TheD.an;The4.Thereis_____bridgeoverthere._____bridgeismadeofwood.A.the;TheB.a;AC.the;AD.a;TheC.語(yǔ)境特指不是建立在上下文的照應(yīng)關(guān)系上,而是建立在談話雙方共有的知識(shí)上。如:Openthedoor.把門(mén)打開(kāi)。Whereisthebook?那本書(shū)在哪里?5.【2011山東】Take
4、yourtime—it’sjust_____shortdistancefromhereto_____restaurant.A./;theB.a;theC.the;aD./;a6.【2006北京】Iknockedovermycoffeecup.Itwentrightover_____keyboard.Youshouldn’tputdrinksnear_____computer.A.the;/B.the;aC.a;/D.a;a7.【2008江西】—Iamsosorrytohavecomelatefort
5、hemeeting.—Itisnotyourfault.With_____rush-hourtrafficand_____heavyrain,itisnowonderyouwerelate.A.a;aB.the;theC./;/D./;a考點(diǎn)2.獨(dú)指:指世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事定冠詞的獨(dú)指用法:世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前,要用定冠詞。如:thesun,themoon,theearth,theworld,thesky,theuniverse,etc.8.Wecansee_____sunand_____moonin
6、_____picture.A.a;the;theB.the;a;theC.a;the;aD.the;the;the9.It’s_____pleasuretosee_____sunrisingin_____east.A./;the;/B.a;/;/C.a;the;theD./;the;the考點(diǎn)3.類指A.可數(shù)名詞表示類指時(shí),有三種情況Ahorseisadomestic([d?èmestIk]家養(yǎng)的)animal.=Thehorseisadomesticanimal.=Horsesaredomesti
7、canimals.但是這三種類指方法各有側(cè)重:the指的是整個(gè)類別,這個(gè)類別是可以區(qū)別于另一個(gè)類別的(多用于談?wù)摪l(fā)明物和科技問(wèn)題)。如:ThecompasswasinventedinChina,butthecomputerwasnot.羅盤(pán)是在中國(guó)發(fā)明的,但計(jì)算機(jī)不是。a(n)側(cè)重于指類別中任何一個(gè)的特點(diǎn)。如:Acathasfourlegs.貓有四條腿。不用冠詞的復(fù)數(shù)名詞側(cè)重指類別中的許多個(gè)體。如:Childrenusuallystartwalkingataroundoneyearold.小孩兒一般
8、一歲左右開(kāi)始走路。Doyoulikehorses?你喜歡馬嗎?(不能說(shuō)Doyoulikeahorse?)在類指時(shí)如何使用冠詞要根據(jù)所要表達(dá)內(nèi)容的具體情況而定。Thetigerisindangerofbecomingextinct.虎有滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。(不能說(shuō)“Atigerisindangerofbecomingextinct.”。瀕臨滅絕指的是整個(gè)虎類,而不是任何一只老虎都面臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。)10._____areverypopularwithpeoplealloverth