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1、1OilSands/Bitumen認(rèn)識(shí)油砂認(rèn)識(shí)油砂油砂的前景油砂的開采方式蒸汽輔助重力驅(qū)油機(jī)理CNOOCNexenEnergyULC3GlobalOilReservesCrudeOil常規(guī)油氣資源經(jīng)過百年勘探開發(fā)，大型簡單優(yōu)質(zhì)資源越來越少，隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展，對(duì)能源的需求日益增加，非常規(guī)油氣（稠油、油砂、頁巖油氣）資源已逐步成為新的儲(chǔ)量增長點(diǎn)。原油分類原油粘度(cp)密度(kg/m3)比重(API)常規(guī)原油<100<934>20稠油100-10,000934-1,00020-10瀝青油>10,000>1,000<10常規(guī)與非常規(guī)油氣儲(chǔ)量比例世界非常規(guī)油氣分布世
2、界稠油(包括瀝青油)儲(chǔ)量約10萬億桶(加拿大、委內(nèi)瑞拉、美國、俄羅斯、中國、印度尼西亞等)世界稠油年產(chǎn)量高達(dá)8000萬桶以上。北美566.2b前蘇聯(lián)47.1b亞洲72.4b南美265.8b非洲50.2b中東78.2b加拿大稠油和油砂分布Alberta省西起安寧河,東至FortMcMurray,南到ColdLake的三角形區(qū)域內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)了儲(chǔ)量豐富的瀝青油和油砂。占地140,200平方公里km2。共有瀝青油儲(chǔ)量1.8萬億桶(OOIP)。油砂成分成分無機(jī)物(75-80%,其中90%石英砂)水(3-5%)瀝青(10-12%)油砂地層構(gòu)造疏松，孔隙度和滲透率極高油砂開采方法地表
3、開采(Mining)地下開采(InSituProduction)地表開采12挖掘機(jī)13鏟車14卡車卡車能運(yùn)載近400噸的油砂地下開采蒸汽吞吐(CSS–CyclicSteamStimulation)蒸汽輔助重力驅(qū)(SAGD–SteamAssistedGravityDrainage)蒸汽吞吐18Inventedin1980’sbyRogerButlerUsingsteamcirculationinclosely-spaced,parallelhorizontalwellstopre-heattheoilandrockinordertocreatethemobility
4、neededforinjectionatsub-fracturepressures.Prod.Inj.蒸汽輔助重力驅(qū)油(SAGD–SteamAssistedGravityDrainage)19SteamerdeliversthesteamtothesteamchamberHeatedbitumenandcondensedsteamflowdowntobottomofsteamchamberSAGDProducerdeliversfluidstothesurfaceContinuousprocessofsteamdisplacingbitumen2021222324
5、LongLakeWellPadsSAGDDesign26IdealSAGD27SteamChamberGrowth282930SAGDProduction-SubcoolPad3Pair5FailedProductionTubingfromMay20083132GasLiftWellPair33ESPWellPair34PrimarySAGDMetric-SORSORistheSteamtoOilRatio.HowmuchsteamittakestoproduceanequivalentamountofoilInvestmentanalystspayveryclo
6、seattentiontoprojectSORsasitisaverygoodmetrictodetermineprojectprofitabilitySORsinindustryrangefrom2to10LongLakecurrentlyhasafieldSORbetween4and5withalongtermplanofabout3.535OilSandsStrategy:IntegratedExtractionandUpgrading6-80API390API<50API220APIPremiumSyntheticCrudeAPI=(141.5/SG)-1
7、31.5BitumenmoredensethanwaterinreservoirPSChasdensitysimilartodiesel36SiteLayoutPhotoWellPadLayoutPhoto38CNOOCNexenEnergyULC39NexenHeadquarterinCalgary40NexenOilSandsFieldinLongLakeLongLakeperformanceinJune2014NexenBitumenForecast(5years)NexenBitumenForecast(20years)OPEX&OilPriceForec
8、ast(1
