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1、主謂一致-------邏輯意義一致原則一.主謂一致的種類1.語法形式上的一致主語為單數(shù)形式,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Thenumberofthestudentspresentis200.JaneandMarylookalike.2.意義上一致1)主語形式雖為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:Thecrowdwereshouting.單數(shù)形式代表復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有:people,,cattle,等。2)主語形式為復(fù)數(shù),而意義上卻是單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:Thenewswassosurprising.形復(fù)意單的單詞有n
2、ews和一些以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱,如physics,politics,economics等。3.就近原則即謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。如用連詞or,either…or,neither…not,notonly…butalso等連接的并列主語,如果一個(gè)是單數(shù),一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語一致。如:EitheryourstudentsorMr.Wangknowsthis.二、邏輯意義一致原則邏輯意義一致就是謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語的意義一致(因有時(shí)主語形式為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù);有時(shí)形式為復(fù)數(shù),但意義為單數(shù))。1.what,who,which
3、,any,more,all等代詞可以是單數(shù),也可是復(fù)數(shù),主要靠意思來決定。如:Which(be)yourbag?/Which(be)yourbags?All(be)goingwell./All(be)gonetoBeijing.a.Iknowthatall____gettingonwellwithher.A.wereB.areC.isD.wasb.Theboysittingbythewindowistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_____fromthecountrysideinourschool.A.wasB.wereC.isD.ar
4、e2.表示“時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值”等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式,這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體,如:Thirtyminutesisenoughfortheworka.Twentymiles_____alongwaytocover.A.seemtobeB.isC.areD.wereb.Tenthousanddollars_____quitealargesum.A.are?B.is?C.were?D.have3.若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式,其謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如:“TheArabianNights”
5、isaninterestingstory-book.a.TheArabianNights___wellknowntoEnglishlovers.A.isbeingB.areC.wereD.isb.TheUnitedNations___in1945.A.wasfoundB.wasfoundedC.werefoundedD.werefoundc.StoriesoftheLongMarch_______popularwiththeyoungpeoplenow.A.isB.wasC.areD.were4.表示數(shù)量的oneandahalf后,名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但是其
6、短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,例如:Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.a.Oneandahalfapples___onthetable.A.areleftB.isleftC.haveleftD.hasleft5.算式中表示數(shù)目(字)的主語通常作單數(shù)看待,其謂語動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。如:Twelvepluseightistwenty./Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.a.Nineplusthree_____twelve.A.aremakingB.ismakingC.makeD.makes6.一
7、些學(xué)科名詞是以–ics結(jié)尾,如:mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等,都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞,實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞,它們作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如:Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990.a.Politics___oneofthesubjectsthatIstudy.A.areB.isC.wereD.wasb.Mathematics_______thelanguageofscience.A.areB.aregoingtobeC.isD.istobe7.trousers,glasses,
8、clothes,shoes,等詞作主語時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù),但如果這些名