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1、Chapter3:FundamentalsofOrganizationStructureOrganizationStructure·3components:1.Organizationstructuredesignatesformalreportingrelationships,includingthenumberoflevelsinthehierarchyandthespanofcontrolofmanagersandsupervisors2.Organizationstructureidentif
2、iesthegroupingtogetherofindividualsintodepartmentsandofdepartmentsintothetotalorganization3.Organizationstructureincludesthedesignofsystemstoensureeffectivecommunication,coordination,andintegrationofeffortsacrossdepartmentsInformation-ProcessingPerspect
3、iveonStructurePeterSenge(LearningOrg.)VerticalInformationLinkages·Communicationandcoordinationactivitiesconnectingthetopandbottomofanorganization·Organizationsmayuseanyvarietyofstructuraldevicestoachieveverticallinkage,suchas:oHierarchicalreferral§Ifapr
4、oblemarisesthatemployeesdon’tknowhowtosolve,itcanbereferreduptothenextlevelinthehierarchy§Whenit’ssolved,theanswerispassedbacktolowerlevelsoRulesandplans§Totheextentthatproblemsanddecisionsarerepetitious,aruleorprocedurecanbeestablishedsoemployeesknowho
5、wtorespondwithoutcommunicatingdirectlywiththeirmanager§RulesprovideastandardinfosourceenablingemployeestobecoordinatedwithoutactuallycommunicatingabouteverytaskoVerticalinformationsystems§Theperiodicreports,writteninfo,andcomputer-basedcommunicationdist
6、ributedtomanagers§MakescommunicationupanddownmoreefficientHorizontalInformationLinkages·Theamountofcommunicationandcoordinationthatoccurshorizontallyacrossorganizationaldepartments·Thefollowingdevicesarestructuralalternativesthatcanimprovehorizontalcoor
7、dinationandinformationflowoInformationsystems§Computerizedinfosystemscanenablemanagersorfrontlineworkersthroughouttheorganizationtoroutinelyexchangeinformationaboutproblems,opportunities,activities,ordecisions§Someorganizationsalsoencourageemployeestous
8、ethecompany’sinfosystemstobuildrelationshipsallacrosstheorganization,aimingtosupportandenhanceongoinghorizontalcoordinationacrossprojectsandgeographicalboundariesoDirectcontact§Onewaytopromotedirectcontactistocreateaspecialliaiso
