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1、一、自主神經(jīng)藥物總論1.自主神經(jīng)的分類（1）每種自主神經(jīng)的組織？organization1.交感神經(jīng)：節(jié)前神經(jīng)preganglionicneurons:lateralgrayhornsofspinalsegments脊髓外側(cè)灰質(zhì)？T1-L2神經(jīng)節(jié)ganglionicneurons→靶器官（1）交感干神經(jīng)元sympatheticchainganglia一對的→胸腔的內(nèi)臟器官（2）側(cè)副神經(jīng)節(jié)collateralganglia不成對→腹腔盆腔的內(nèi)臟器官（3）腎上腺髓質(zhì)2.副交感神經(jīng)節(jié)前神經(jīng)→神經(jīng)元→靶器官腦干發(fā)出的：第III對動眼神經(jīng)→睫狀神經(jīng)元→眼內(nèi)肌第
2、IV對滑車神經(jīng)→翼腭神經(jīng)元&下頜下神經(jīng)元→鼻腺、淚腺、唾液腺第IX對舌咽神經(jīng)→耳神經(jīng)元→腮腺唾液腺第X對迷走神經(jīng)→intramuralganglia→內(nèi)臟器官（頸部、胸部、大部分腹部）骶椎發(fā)出的S2-S4→intramuralganglia→腹部盆部內(nèi)臟器官（2）雙重神經(jīng)支配dualinnervation的例外有哪些？1.只受交感神經(jīng)支配的：腎上腺髓質(zhì)、汗腺、豎毛肌、腎臟、肝臟（epinephrine）；動脈（大部分收縮，骨骼肌可以dilate）2.是受副交感神經(jīng)支配的：睫狀肌、陰莖/陰蒂的勃起、陰道潤滑2.自主神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的受體（1）神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)有哪些？有
3、哪兩類？膽堿的cholinergic（2）神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的五個重要特征：合成、儲存、釋放、作用終止和作用：腎上腺能和膽堿能的（3）神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)的信號傳導(dǎo)機制是？（4）受體有哪些？1.膽堿的cholinergic：Muscarinic受體1(neural)/2(cardiac)/3(glandular)和Nicotinic受體m(somaticneuromuscularjunctions)/n(autonomicganglia)2.腎上腺的adrenergic：alpha1、2和β1、2、33.自主神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的生理作用？交感和副交感的對比？交感神經(jīng)的作用：調(diào)配血液
4、（從GI→骨骼肌肉），擴張肺部（增加氧氣），瞳孔擴大晶狀體拉伸（視力增大）副交感神經(jīng)的作用：血供給GI（保持吸收），縮肺部分泌（維持氣管），瞳孔縮小晶狀體壓縮（視力減退）4.藥物分類有哪些？Agonists…(1)
?Cholinergicagonists
–Bothreceptoragonists:ACh
–MuscarinicAChagonists:pilocarpine
–NicotinicAChagonists:nicotine
?Anticholinesterases(increaselevelofACh)
–Reversible:neos
5、tigmine,donepezil
–Irreversible:organophosphates
?PAMAgonists…(2)
?Adrenoceptoragonists
–Alphareceptoragonists:
?Nonselectivealphareceptoragonists:norepinephrine,metaraminol
?Alpha1receptoragonists:phenylephrine,methoxamine
?Alpha2receptoragonist:oxymetazoline,apraclonidine
–Bo
6、thalphaandbetareceptoragonists:epinephrine,ephedrine,dopamineAgonists競爭者（興奮劑）…(3)
?Adrenoceptoragonists
–Betareceptoragonists:
?Nonselectiveagonists:isoproterenol
?Beta1receptoragonist:dobutamine
?Beta2receptoragonist:salbutamol,etc.Antagonists…(1)
?Cholinoceptorblockingdrugs
–
7、Muscarinicreceptorantagonists:
?Nonselective:atropine,scopolamine,ipratropium,homatropine,etc.
?Selective:pirenzepine,darifenacin,etc.
–Neuromuscularreceptorantagonists:
?Depolarizingagent
?Non‐depolarizingagentsAntagonists對抗者（拮抗劑）…(2)
?Adrenoceptorblockingdrugs
–Alphareceptora
8、ntagonists:
?Nonselective:phentolamine,phenoxybenzamin
