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1、RhetoricDevices:(修辭)(StylisticDevices,FiguresofSpeech)1.Alliteration:(頭韻)(repetitionofinitialconsonantsound:Theinitialconsonantsoundisusuallyrepeatedintwoneighbouringwords(sometimesalsoinwordsthatarenotnexttoeachother).Alliterationdrawsattentiontothephrase
2、andisoftenusedforemphasis.Examples:1).forthegreatergoodof…2).safetyandsecurity….3).shareacontinentbutnotacountryRepetitionofinitialconsonantsoundsmeansthatonlythesoundmustbethesame,nottheconsonantsthemselves.Examples:1).killercommand….2).fantasticphilosoph
3、y….3)Aneatknotneednotbere-knotted.Ifneighbouringwordsstartwiththesameconsonantbuthaveadifferentinitialsound,thewordsarenotalliterated.Examples:1).aCanadianchild….2).honouredandhumbled(the‘h’inhonouredissilent)2.Allusion:(引喻)indirectreferencetoaperson,event
4、orpieceofliteratureAllusionisusedtoexplainorclarifyacomplexproblem.Notethatallusionworksbestifyoukeepitshortandrefertosomethingthereader/audienceisfamiliarwith,e.g.:famouspeople;history;(Greek)mythology;literature;thebible.Iftheaudienceisfamiliarwiththeeve
5、ntorperson,theywillalsoknowbackgroundandcontext.Thus,justafewwordsareenoughtocreateacertainpicture(orscene)inthereaders’minds.Theadvantagesareasfollows:1).Wedon’tneedlengthyexplanationstoclarifytheproblem.2).Thereaderbecomesactivebyreflectingontheanalogy.3
6、).Themessagewillstickinthereader'smind.Examples:1).ThesoftwareincludedaTrojanHorse.(allusionontheTrojanhorsefromGreekmythology)2).Planahead.ItwasnotrainingwhenNoahbuilttheArk.(RichardCushing)(allusiononthebiblicalArkofNoah)Manyallusionsonhistoricevents,myt
7、hologyorthebiblehavebecomefamousidioms.Examples:1).tomeetone’sWaterloo(allusiononNapoleonsdefeatintheBattleofWaterloo)2).towashone’shandsofit.(allusiononPontiusPilatus,whosentencedJesustodeath,butwashedhishandsafterwardstodemonstratethathewasnottoblamefori
8、t.)3).tobeasoldasMethusalem(allusiononJoseph’sgrandfather,whowas969yearsoldaccordingtotheOldTestament)4).toguardsthwithArgus’seyes(allusiononthegiantArgusfromGreekmythology,whowatchedoverZeus’loverIo.)3.Anaph