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1、名詞解釋1、Epic:Alongandnarrativepoemwritteninanelevatedstylethatrecountstheadventuresofahero,whooftenembodiesthetraitsofanationorpeople.Theearliestepictalessurvivedforcenturiesasoraltraditionsbeforetheywerefinallywrittendown.Epicstypicallyshareawidevarietyofcharacteristics:1)the?protagonistisahe
2、roofgreatstatureandsignificance;2)thesettingisvastinscope,ofteninvolvingmorethanonenation;3)theactionrequiresnoble,fantastic,andevensuperhumanactions;?4)thethemereflectstimelessvalues,suchascourageandhonor,andencompassesuniversalideas,suchasgoodandevilorlifeanddeath;Beowulfistheoldestsurvivi
3、ngepicpoeminEnglish.2、SonnetA?sonnet?isapoeticformwhichoriginatedin?Italy.Inthe13thcentury,sonnetreferstoa14-linelyricpoemwithacomplicatedrhymeschemeandadefinedstructure,usuallywritteniniambicpentameter.Sonnetcanbedividedinto3typesaccordingtodifferentstructures:1)Petrarchansonnet.Itwasderive
4、dfromthegreatItalianpoetPetrarch;1)Shakespeareansonnet.Theshakespeareansonnetformcontains3quatrainsandaheroiccouplet.Therhymeschemeisababcdcdefefgg.ThemostfamoussonneteerisWilliamShakespeare;2)Spenseriansonnet.ItwasintroducedinBritainbySirThomasWyatt.Itcontains3quatrainsandacouplet.Whatisuni
5、quetotheSpenseriansonnetistheinterlockingrhymescheme:ababbcbccdcdee.3、PastoralApastoralisapoemthatpresentsshepherdsinidealizedruralsettings.RenaissancepoetslikeMarloweandRaleighusedthepastoralformtoexpresstheirfeelingsandthoughtsaboutloveandothersubjects.Shepherdinpastoraltendtousecourtlyspe
6、ech.Thepoemsusuallyhavemetricalpatternsandrhymeschemesthathelpgivethemamusicalorsonglikequality.Theimageryderivesfromcommonplacecountrysettings.4、MetaphysicalpoetryMetaphysicalpoetryistermadoptedbySamuelJohnsontodescribeaschoolofhighlyintellectualpoetrymarkedbyboldandingeniousconceits,incong
7、ruousimagery,complexityofthought,frequentuseofparadox,andoftenbydeliberateharshnessorrigidityofexpression.Themainthemesofthemetaphysicalpoetsarelove,death,andreligion.Themetaphysicalpoetrycanbedifficulttounderstand.Theyshareseveraltraits:1)simple,c