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1、5.25TissueEngineeringofFibrocartilaginousTissues:TheIntervertebralDiscandtheMeniscusSRoberts,RJAHOrthopaedicHospital,Oswestry,UKandKeeleUniversity,Keele,UKJMenage,RJAHOrthopaedicHospital,Oswestry,UK?2011ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.5.25.1Introduction3215.25.2An
2、atomy,Structure,andFunction3225.25.2.1Meniscus3225.25.2.2TheIntervertebralDisc3235.25.3CompositionoftheExtracellularMatrixandItsOrganization3245.25.3.1Collagens3245.25.3.2Proteoglycans3255.25.3.3OtherGlycoproteinsandMolecules3255.25.4PathologiesandCurrentTreatme
3、ntsoftheFibrocartilages3255.25.4.1Meniscus3255.25.4.2IntervertebralDisc3265.25.5TissueEngineering3265.25.5.1Cells3265.25.5.2Scaffold3265.25.5.3ClinicalApplications3275.25.6Conclusion329Acknowledgments329References329GlossaryglycoproteinsProteinmoleculeswhicharec
4、ollagenmoleculesAhighlyspecializedfamilyofcovalentlylinkedtoacarbohydratemoiety.Manyproteinsfoundexclusivelyintheanimalkingdom,whichextracellularglycoproteinshavebeenisolated;akeyareabundantinallconnectivetissuesincludingcornea,featureofmanyofthemistheirabilityt
5、ointeractbloodvessels,gut,skin,andthroughoutthewithcellsaswellasothermacromoleculesinthemusculoskeletalsystem.matrix.diarthrodialkneejointAcommontypeofmoveablejointmicro-discectomyAminimallyinvasivesurgicalcharacterizedbyalayeroffibrocartilageorhyalinecartilagep
6、roceduretoremovepartofanintervertebraldisc,coveringopposingbonesurfaces.Itmayalsocontainawhichisbulgingandoftenpressurizingadjacentspinallubricatingfluid(synovialfluid)withinthesynovialcavity.nerves.5.25.1IntroductionRegenerativemedicineandtissueengineeringhavec
7、reatedavastamountofinterestintherecentdecade[18].Inthemusculoskeletalfield,theinteresthasbeendirectedinthemaintoarticularcartilage,aspecializedformofhyalinecartilage.Thereare,however,othercartilages,whichcanbedamagedorbecomedegenerate,leadingtoclinicalsymptoms.F
8、orexample,fibrocartilaginoustissues,theintervertebraldiscandthemeniscusoftheknee,areresponsibleforbillionsofdollarsperannumofhealthcareandlossofproductionintheWestern
