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1、1215年自由大憲章(英文)1215年自由大憲章(英文)TheMagnaCarta(TheGreatCharter)1215英國是一個沒有成文憲法的國家。他們的憲法是由一系列的文件和法案組成,其中具有奠基意義的一份,就是在1215年6月15日,由英國國王與貴族們簽訂的《大憲章》。這張書寫在羊皮紙卷上的文件在歷史上第一次限制了封建君主的權(quán)力,日后成為了英國君主立憲制的法律基石。大憲章(拉丁文MagnaCarter,英文GreatCharter)是英國于1215年訂立的憲法,用來限制英國國王(主要是當(dāng)時的約翰)的絕對權(quán)力。訂立大憲章的主要原因是因為
2、教皇、英王約翰及封建貴族對皇室權(quán)力出現(xiàn)不同的意見。大憲章要求皇室放棄部分權(quán)力,及尊重司法過程,接受王權(quán)受法律的限制。大憲章是英國在建立憲法政治這長遠(yuǎn)歷史過程的開始。Preamble:John,bythegraceofGod,kingofEngland,lordofIreland,dukeofNormandyandAquitaine,andcountofAnjou,tothearchbishop,bishops,abbots,earls,barons,justiciaries,foresters,sheriffs,stewards,servant
3、s,andtoallhisbailiffsandliegesubjects,greetings.Knowthat,havingregardtoGodandforthesalvationofoursoul,andthoseofallourancestorsandheirs,anduntothehonorofGodandtheadvancementofhisholyChurchandfortherectifyingofourrealm,wehavegrantedasunderwrittenbyadviceofourvenerablefathers,
4、Stephen,archbishopofCanterbury,primateofallEnglandandcardinaloftheholyRomanChurch,Henry,archbishopofDublin,WilliamofLondon,PeterofWinchester,JocelynofBathandGlastonbury,HughofLincoln,WalterofWorcester,WilliamofCoventry,BenedictofRochester,bishops;ofMasterPandulf,subdeaconand
5、memberofthehouseholdofourlordthePope,ofbrotherAymeric(masteroftheKnightsoftheTempleinEngland),andoftheillustriousmenWilliamMarshal,earlofPembroke,William,earlofSalisbury,William,earlofWarenne,William,earlofArundel,AlanofGalloway(constableofScotland),WarenFitzGerold,PeterFitz
6、Herbert,HubertDeBurgh(seneschalofPoitou),HughdeNeville,MatthewFitzHerbert,ThomasBasset,AlanBasset,Philipd'Aubigny,RobertofRoppesley,JohnMarshal,JohnFitzHugh,andothers,ourliegemen.1.InthefirstplacewehavegrantedtoGod,andbythisourpresentcharterconfirmedforusandourheirsforeverth
7、attheEnglishChurchshallbefree,andshallhaveherrightsentire,andherlibertiesinviolate;andwewillthatitbethusobserved;whichis121215年自由大憲章(英文)apparentfromthisthatthefreedomofelections,whichisreckonedmostimportantandveryessentialtotheEnglishChurch,we,ofourpureandunconstrainedwill,d
8、idgrant,anddidbyourcharterconfirmanddidobtaintheratificationofthesamefromou