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1、FrancisBacon(1561-1626) (弗朗西斯·培根)Birth:January22,1561(YorkHouse,London)Death:April9,1626(Highgate)FrancisBacon1.Thewisest,brightest,andmeanestofmankind.3.TheguidingspiritinColonizationSchemes(開拓殖民地策劃)in1610.2.Themostpowerfulmindofmoderntimes.ComplimentNameFRANCISBACON(BaronVerul
2、am,ViscountSt.Albans)BirthDateandDeath22January1561——9April1626BirthplaceLondon,ElizabethanEnglandFamilyBackgroundsHighlypoliticalfamilyFather——SirNicholasBaconMother——AnneWife——AliceBarnham,thefourteen-year-olddaughterofawell-connectedLondonaldermanEducationAttheageof12——Trinin
3、tyCollege,CambridgeCambridgetrinitycollege(1573)introductionFrancisBacon（1561－1626）wasthefounderofEnglishmaterialistphilosophy（唯物主義哲學(xué)）。HewasbornintothefamilyofSirNicholasBacon，keeperofthePrivySeal（御璽）toQueenElizabeth.TheboyearlywonthefavoroftheQueen.HewenttoCambridgeattwelveanda
4、ftergraduatingatsixteen，tookuplaw.Hesoonbecameoneofthemostsuccessfullawyersofthetime.Attwenty-threehebecameamemberoftheHouseofCommons（下議院）andhisjudgmentandeloquence（口才）madehimfamous.WhenJamesIcametoEngland，BaconobtainedoneimportantofficeafteranotheruntilhebecamelordChancellor（大法
5、官）andwasmadeapeer（nobleman）in1618.Hewasanadmirablejudge，butinthecourseofrisinghehadmadeenemieswhochargedhimwithbribery（受賄）。Hewasconvicted（判罪）deprived（免去）ofhisoffice，finedandbanished（流放）fromLondonin1621.Fiveyearslater，hediedindisgrace（恥辱）。Career1587:BeelectedtoParliament1618：Beca
6、melordHighChancellor1620：WonthetitlesofBaronVerulamandViscountStAlbans1621：Bechargedwithbriberyandbetrayal(出賣)ofjusticeThelistofworksLiteraryworks:Essays《論說文集》(1597-1625)--Includes"Adversity","Anger","Athiesm","Boldness","Cunning","Death","Discourse","DissimulationandSimulation"
7、,"Empire","Envy","Goodness","GreatPlace","HonorandReputation","Love","Nobility","Revenge","SeemingWise","Superstition","Truth","UnityinReligion","VicissitudeofThings",and"WisdomforaMan'sSelf".Thephilosophicalworks:AdvancementofLearning《學(xué)術(shù)的推進》(1605)NovumOrganum《新工具論》（1620）NewAtla
8、ntis《新大西島》(1624-1626)MaximsoftheLawandReadingon
