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1、RalphWaldoEmerson愛(ài)默生HenryDavidThoreau梭羅AmericanTranscendentalism美國(guó)超驗(yàn)主義Abroad,philosophicalmovementinNewEnglandduringtheRomanticera（peak：1836-1855）thefirstAmericanintellectualmovement.StartedbyagroupofpeopleintheTranscendentalClubinthe1830swhopublishedtheirvi
2、ewsinthejournalTheDialHistoricalbackgroundTranscendentalistbelievedinstinctorintuitionisthedeepestlevelofman’ssoul.Theytriedtofindtruththroughfeeling,ratherthanthroughlogic.Sotheywritenotinalogicalway.Wecansaytheyformedamovementoffeelings&beliefsratherthanas
3、ystemofphilosophy.BriefIntroduction''Theworldshrankitselfintoadropofdew.''世界將其自身縮小成為一滴露水"Believeyourself""Apersonmustbeabletobecomewhathewantstobe"MottosThemajorfeaturesof Transcendentalists1.emphasisonSpiritortheOversoul---Oversoulisaunitary（統(tǒng)一的）powerofgood
4、ness，omnipresent（無(wú)所不在的）andomnipotent（無(wú)所不能的），fromwhichallthingscameandofwhicheveryonewasapart。2.theimportanceoftheindividual3.natureisthesymbolofSpiritorGod1.至善absolutegood2.純潔無(wú)暇unspottedinnocenceofnature3.人具有神性humanitywasgodlikeandthatevilwasnonexistentappea
5、redtobeanoptimisticfollyCreeds愛(ài)默生RalphWaldoEmerson梭羅HenryDavidThoreauRalphWaldoEmersonRalphWaldoEmerson (1803-1882)philosopher,lecturer,essayist,andpoet,leadingtheTranscendentalistmovementachampion（擁護(hù)者）ofindividualismaprescient（有先見(jiàn)之明的）criticofthecountervaili
6、ng（對(duì)抗性的）pressuresofsociety.Nature.ItistheBibleoftranscendentalists.ItcontainsalmosteverythingEmersonwantstosayintherestofhislife.Hislaterworksweremostlytoillustratethebook.“AmericanScholar”:American’sdeclarationofintellectualindependence.(todevelopAmerican’s
7、ownculture)Emerson'sworkHenryDavidThoreau1817-1862HeisbestknownforhisbookWalden,areflectionuponsimplelivinginnaturalsurroundings,andhisessay,CivilDisobedience,anargumentforindividualresistancetocivilgovernmentinmoraloppositiontoanunjuststate.WaldenItwasn’tas
8、uccessfulbookatthetimeitwaspublishedandhasbeenvirtuallyforgottenuntil20thcentury.Itisthecarefulrecordingofday-to-daylifeatWaldenpoundandreflectiononhowonecanlivesimplyandtrulyItillustrateshisdes
