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1、摘要玉米種質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)狹窄一直是限制我國玉米育種進(jìn)展的瓶頸因素,因此利用遺傳基礎(chǔ)豐富的種質(zhì)資源就為解決這一問題提供有效途徑。本研究采用SSR分子標(biāo)記技術(shù),對引進(jìn)的94份玉米自交系進(jìn)行遺傳多樣性和雜種優(yōu)勢類群劃分的研究,從中選取55份田間性狀表現(xiàn)良好的自交系,進(jìn)行方差分析和聚類分析,對形態(tài)學(xué)方法和SSR分子標(biāo)記類群劃分結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較。同時(shí)對14個(gè)春玉米組合進(jìn)行農(nóng)藝性狀的方差和相關(guān)性分析。主要結(jié)果如下:1.從21對SSR引物中篩選出多態(tài)性較好的引物5對。這5對SSR引物在供試材料中共檢測出43個(gè)等位基因變異,每對引物檢測出的等位基因數(shù)在5-9個(gè)之間,平均為7.2個(gè),多態(tài)信息量變幅為0.46-
2、0.68,平均為0.58;相異系數(shù)變化范圍為0.0526-1.0000。2.利用SSR標(biāo)記,以0.80為閾值將供試94份玉米自交系劃分為六大類群,以農(nóng)藝性狀劃分為四大類群,兩種劃分方法的吻合度較好。3.建立了一套優(yōu)化的SSR-PCR體系。①:預(yù)變性94℃,4min;②:變性94℃,1min;③:退火溫度55-65℃(以引物Tm而定),1min;④:延伸72℃,2min;⑤:復(fù)延伸72℃,10min;其中步驟2-4的循環(huán)數(shù)為30-35,視材料而定。4.14個(gè)春玉米組合中,內(nèi)單205產(chǎn)量最高,與冀承單3、030×034、1308×1202和030×025等組合的差異達(dá)到極顯著水平;穗
3、重、百粒重、穗粗和穗長與產(chǎn)量呈正相關(guān),且達(dá)到極顯著水平。關(guān)鍵詞:玉米自交系;SSR分子標(biāo)記;聚類分析;遺傳多樣性StudyontheGeneticDiversityofMaizeInbredLineswithSSRMolecularMarkersTechnologyAbstractThenarrowgeneticbaseisoneofthemajorlimitativefactorsforthegermplasmdevelopmentinmaizebreedinginChina.Theeffectivegermplasmutilizationistheonlywaytosolve
4、thisproblem.94maizeinbredlinesinthispaperwereusedtostudytheirgeneticdiversityanddivideheteroticgroupbySSRmolecularmarkertechnology.55pieceswereselectedfromthefieldperformanceofgoodbreedingexcellentinbredlines,varianceanalysisandclusteranalysis,bymorphologicmethodsandSSRmolecularmarkersintogro
5、ups’resultswerecompared.Theagronomiccharacteristicsof14springmaizecombinationswerestudiedbyvarianceandcorrelationanalysis.Theresultswereasfollows:1.5pairsofSSRprimers,whichhadbetterpolymorphic,werescreenedfrom21pairsofSSRprimers.Thevariationof43alleleswasfoundoutby5pairsofSSRprimers.Eachpairo
6、fprimersscreenedout5-9alleles,withtheaverageof7.2allelesforeverypairofprimers.Therangeofpolymorphisminformationcontentswere0.46-0.68,theiraveragevaluewas0.58.TheDissimilaritycoefficientrangedfrom0.0526to1.000.2.BasedontheSSRfingerprint,the91maizeinbredlinesweredividedinto6groups.Throughtheagr
7、onomiccharactersweredividedinto4groups.Thetwowaysofclassificationofalignmentweregood.3.AsetofopitionalSSR-PCRsystemwasbuilt.4minutesofpre-denaturationat94℃.1minutesofdenaturationat94℃.1minutesofannealingat55℃-65℃(dependingontheTm).2minutesofe