資源描述:
《園林英語-園林12級上課》由會員上傳分享,免費在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫。
1、Lesson1THEPRACTICEANDTHORYOFLANDSCAPEARCHITECTUREThePracticeofLandscapeArchitectureOvertheyearsandespeciallysinceWorldWarⅡ,therealmoflandscapearchitecturehasdiversifiedandclassifieditsactivitiesinresponsetotheneedsofachangingworld.Therenowappeartobefourclearlydefinableandrelatedtypesofpractice.F
2、irst,thereislandscapeevaluationandplanning.Itisconcernedwiththesystematicstudyoflargeareasoflandandastrongecologicalandnaturalsciencebaseinadditiontoaconcernforvisualquality.Inadditiontothelandscapearchitect,theprocessusuallyinvolvesateamofspecialistssuchassoilscientists,geologists,andeconomists
3、.Theresultisalanduseplanorpolicyrecommendingthedistributionandtypeofdevelopment,forexample,housing,industry,agriculture,highwayalignment,andrecreationwithinaframeworkofresourceandamenityconservation.Inothercases,theplanningfunctionmaybelesscomprehensiveandfocusontheimpactontheenvironmentofsingle
4、majorproposals.Theidentificationoflandsuitableforonemajoruse,suchasrecreation,isanotherfunctionoflandscapeevaluationandplanning.Thesecondactivityoflandscapearchitectsissiteplanning.Thisrepresentsthemoreconventionalkindoflandscapearchitectureandwithinthisrealmlieslandscapedesign.Siteplanningisthe
5、processinwhichthecharacteristicsofthesiteandtherequirementsoftheprogramforitsusearebroughttogetherincreativesynthesis.Elementsandfacilitiesarelocatedonthelandinfunctionalandaestheticrelationshipsandinamannerfullyresponsivetoprogram,site,andregionalcontext.Third,thereisdetailedlandscapedesign.Thi
6、sistheprocessthroughwhichspecificqualityisgiventothediagrammaticspacesandareasofthesiteplan.Itinvolvestheselectionofcomponents,materials48andplantsandtheircombinationinthreedimensionsassolutionstolimitedandwell-definedproblemssuchasentrance,terrace,amphitheater,parkingarea,andsoon.Thefourthformo
7、flandscapearchitectureisurbandesign.Urbandesigndefiesprecisedefinition.Twothingsaresure,however,thesettingisthecityandseveralpropertiesareinvolved.Anagencyofgovernmentmayberesponsibleforassemblingtheparcelsandorganizingthepr