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1、CHAPTER1AUTOMOTIVEBASICS1.1?PrincipalComponentsToday'saveragecarcontainsmorethan15,000separate,individualpartsthatmustworktogether.Thesepartscangroupedintofourmajorcategories:engine,body,chassisandelectricalequipment.1.2?EngineTheengineactsasthepowerunit.Theinternalcombustionen
2、gineismostcommon:thisobtainsitspowerbyburningaliquidfuelinsidetheenginecylinder.Therearetwotypesofengine:gasoline(alsocalledaspark-ignitionengine)anddiesel(alsocalledacompression-ignitionengine).Bothenginesarecalledheatengines;theburningfuelgeneratesheatwhichcausesthegasinsidet
3、hecylindertoincreaseitspressureandsupplypowertorotateashaftconnectedtothetransmission.1.3?BodyAnautomobilebodyisasheetmetalshellwithwindows,doors,ahood,andatrunkdeckbuiltintoit.Itprovidesaprotectivecoveringfortheengine,passengers,andcargo.Thebodyisdesignedtokeeppassengerssafean
4、dcomfortable.Thebodystylingprovidesanattractive,colorful,modernappearanceforthevehicle.1.4?ChassisThechassisisanassemblyofthosesystemsthatarethemajoroperatingpartofavehicle.Thechassisincludesthetransmission,suspension,steering,andbrakesystems.Transmissionsystems―conveysthedrive
5、tothewheels.Themaincomponentsareclutch,gearbox,driveshaft,finaldrive,anddifferential.Suspension―absorbstheroadshocks.Steering―controlsthedirectionofthemovement.Brake―slowsdownthevehicle.1.5?Electrical?EquipmentTheelectricalsystemsupplieselectricityfortheignition,horn,lights,hea
6、ter,andstarter.Theelectricitylevelismaintainedbyachargingcircuit.Thiscircuitconsistsofthebattery,alternator(orgenerator).Thebatterystoreselectricity.Thealternatorchangestheengine'smechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergyandrechargesthebattery.NewWordsPrincipalcomponent?主要部件category
7、?種類，類型body?車身chassis?底盤layout?布置powerunit?動力裝置internalcombustionengine?內燃機cylinder?汽缸gasoline?汽油spark?火花ignition?點燃，點火diesel?柴油機compression?壓縮shaft?軸transmission?傳動系sheetmetal?金屬板shell?外殼hood?（發(fā)動機）罩trunkdeck?行李艙蓋cargo?貨物styling?樣式assembly?總成，裝配suspension?懸掛，懸置shock?沖擊steering?轉
8、向，操縱brake?剎車，制動器clutch?離合器gearbox?變速器driveshaft?傳動軸fin
