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1、第二周預(yù)習(xí)思考題1、有機(jī)化合物命名的一般步驟怎樣？母體如何選擇？各種基團(tuán)（官能團(tuán)）的英文詞頭或詞尾的變化規(guī)律如何？2、各種碳?xì)浠衔锏姆€(wěn)定性如何？芳香性與共振論是怎么回事？如何畫極限共振結(jié)構(gòu)式，并判斷它們的能量高低？3、化合物結(jié)構(gòu)與物理性質(zhì)的關(guān)系如何？4、非共價(jià)弱作用力有哪些？第二章碳?xì)浠衔颒ydrocarbon第二章重點(diǎn)講解問題1.碳?xì)浠衔锏拿ㄒ酝闊N和環(huán)烷烴為例）2.碳?xì)浠衔锏姆€(wěn)定性3.共軛烯烴、芳香性與共振論和分子軌道理論4.碳?xì)浠衔锏奈锢硇再|(zhì)與分子間作用力關(guān)系2.1碳?xì)浠衔锏姆诸惻c命
2、名2.1.1ClassificationofhydrocarbonAlkanesandCycloalkanesAlkenes(cisandtrans)(ZandE)ConjugateddienesAromatichydrocarbonsAlkynes2.1碳?xì)浠衔锏姆诸惻c命名2.1.2RepresentingMoleculesMolecularformulaCH4HaStickfigureHCHaLewisdotstructureHaSawhorserepresentation2.1碳?xì)浠衔锏姆诸惻c
3、命名2.1.3通式與不飽和度（環(huán)的數(shù)目）SaturatedHydrocarbons:CnH2n+2Foraformula:CnHmDegreeofunsaturated=(2n+2-m)/2Ifitisacycloalkane,thedegreeofunsaturatedequalstothenumberofring2.1.4NomenclatureCommonNameandSystematicNameCH4CH3CH3CH3CH2CH3MethaneEthanePropaneCH3CH2CH2CH3C
4、H3CHCH3CH3C.N.n-butaneisobutaneS.N.Butane2-methylpropane2.1.4NomenclatureCH3CH2CH2CH2CH3PentaneCH3CHCH2CH3isopentane,2-methylbutaneCH3CH3CH3CCH3neopentane,2,2-dimethylpropaneCH32.1.4NomenclatureCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3hexaneCH3CHCH2CH2CH3isohexane,2-methylpent
5、aneCH3CH3CH3CCH2CH3neohexane,2,2-dimethylbutaneCH32.1.4NomenclatureCH3CH2CHCH2CH3none3-methylpentaneCH3CH3CH-CHCH3none2,3-dimethylbutaneCH3CH3AlkylGroupR-(replacing“ane”with“yl”)primary,secondary,tertiary,quaternaryC,butonlyprimary,secondary,tertiaryH(se
6、eourtext)2.1.4Nomenclature(IUPACRules)SystematicName(IUPACRules)(IUPAC:InternationalUnionofPureandAppliedChemistry)1.Determinethenumberofcarboninthelongestcontinuouscarbonchain----Thischainiscalledtheparenthydrocarbon.12345678CH3CH2CHCH2CH2CH2CH2CH33-met
7、hylOctaneCH3CH3CHCH2CH2CH34-methylOctaneCH2CH2CH2CH32.1.4Nomenclature(IUPACRules)2.Numberthechainsothatthesubstituentgetsthelowestpossiblenumber.CH3CH2CHCH2CHCH2CH2CH35-ethyl-3-methyloctaneCH3CH2CH3not4-ethyl-6-methyloctanebecause3<4CH2CH3CH3CHCHCH2CH2CH
8、CH33-ethyl-2,6-dimethylheptaneCH3CH3not5-ethyl-2,6-dimethylheptanebecause3<52.1.4Nomenclature(IUPACRules)3.Citethenameofthealkylsubstituentbeforetheparenthydrocarbon.----Anumberandawordareseparatedbyahyphen;numbersaresepar
