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1、CorrespondenceHumanCoronavirusOC43AssociatedwithFatalEncephalitisTotheEditor:Encephalitisisaseriousneuro-Herewereporttheuseofdeepsequencingoflogicsyndromecharacterizedbybraininflam-abrainbiopsysampleobtainedfroman11-month-mationthatmaybefatal.Althoughthemajorityoldboywithseverecombinedimmuno
2、deficiencyofcasesarecausedbyviruses,theidentificationwhohadsymptomsofviralencephalitiswithofacausalorganismcanbedifficult.Encepha-negativeresultsonconventionaldiagnosticpoly-lopathythataffectspatientswithimmunodefi-merase-chain-reaction(PCR)assay.Theboy’sciencyisparticularlychallengingtodiag
3、nose,familyprovidedwritteninformedconsent.sincetheclinicalpresentationmaybeatypicalTheboyunderwentunconditionedcord-bloodandthedifferentialdiagnosismayincludeun-transplantation,whichresultedinT-cellengraft-usualpathogensoranoninfectivecause.Deepment.Nonetheless,hisconditioncontinuedtosequenc
4、ingofclinicalsampleshasthepotentialdeteriorate,andhedied1.5monthsafterreceiv-toidentifythepathogensassociatedwithen-ingthetransplant.RNAsequencingofabraincephalitis,particularlyincasesinwhichtradi-biopsysampleobtained2monthsaftertheonsettionaltechniqueshavenotidentifiedthecandi-ofsymptomssho
5、wedthepresenceofhumandatecausativepathogen.1coronavirusOC43(HCoV-OC43),whichwassub-AB20μm100μmCD100μm50μmFigure1.ImmunohistochemicalAnalysesofBrainTissuefroman11-Month-OldBoywithSCIDandSymptomsofViralEncephalitis.PanelAshowsprominentvacuolationwithfrequentkaryorrhecticneurons(arrow)inthe
6、cerebralcortex(hema-toxylinandeosin)inanboywithseverecombinedimmunodeficiency(SCID).AprominentmicroglialreactionwasseenonCD68immunohistochemicalstaining(PanelB),alongwithmultiplecollectionsofinfiltratingTcells(PanelC).ThenucleocapsidproteinofhumancoronavirusOC43showedpositivestainingintheneu
7、ronsandneuropil(PanelD).nengljmed375;5nejm.orgAugust4,2016TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicineDownloadedfromnejm.orgonAugust13,2016.Forpersonaluseonly.Nootheruseswithoutpermission.Copyright?2016MassachusettsMedicalSociety.Allrightsreserved.correctionsequ
