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1、第35卷第3期暴雨災(zāi)害Vol.35No.3第20163期年6月TORRENTIALRAINANDDISASTERSJun.2016徐雙柱,韋惠紅.關(guān)于強(qiáng)對(duì)流天氣預(yù)報(bào)的幾點(diǎn)思考[J].暴雨災(zāi)害,2016,35(3):197-202XuShuangzhu,WeiHuihong.Somethoughtsontheweatherforecastofsevereconvectivestorms[J].TorrentialRainandDisasters,2016,35(3):197-202關(guān)于強(qiáng)對(duì)流天氣預(yù)報(bào)的幾點(diǎn)思考徐雙柱,韋惠紅(武漢中心氣象臺(tái),武漢430074)摘要:結(jié)合
2、2015年6月1日長(zhǎng)江監(jiān)利“東方之星”客輪沉船事件及在強(qiáng)對(duì)流天氣預(yù)報(bào)中長(zhǎng)期積累的一些經(jīng)驗(yàn),可以認(rèn)為目前強(qiáng)對(duì)流天氣預(yù)報(bào)存在的主要問題是對(duì)于強(qiáng)對(duì)流天氣監(jiān)測(cè)能力不足、強(qiáng)對(duì)流天氣形成的機(jī)理認(rèn)識(shí)不足、數(shù)值預(yù)報(bào)模式對(duì)強(qiáng)對(duì)流天氣預(yù)報(bào)能力不足和強(qiáng)對(duì)流天氣預(yù)報(bào)方法不足。在實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)工作中較為可行的強(qiáng)對(duì)流天氣預(yù)報(bào)的思路是:首先要具有較全面的本地區(qū)強(qiáng)對(duì)流天氣發(fā)生的氣候背景知識(shí),然后按照配料法為主的強(qiáng)對(duì)流潛勢(shì)預(yù)報(bào)方法和天氣學(xué)分型的強(qiáng)對(duì)流天氣預(yù)報(bào)方法等進(jìn)行強(qiáng)對(duì)流天氣的落區(qū)預(yù)報(bào),最后按照雷達(dá)、衛(wèi)星資料等相結(jié)合的強(qiáng)對(duì)流外推臨近預(yù)報(bào)方法進(jìn)行強(qiáng)對(duì)流天氣預(yù)警預(yù)報(bào)。關(guān)鍵詞:強(qiáng)對(duì)流天氣;預(yù)報(bào)思路;預(yù)警中圖法
3、分類號(hào):P445文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:Bdoi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9045.2016.03.001SomethoughtsontheweatherforecastofsevereconvectivestormsXUShuangzhu,WEIHuihong(WuhanCentralMeteorologicalObservatory,Wuhan430074)Abstract:Inthispaper,basedontheYangtzeJianli"EasternStar"ferrysinkingin1June2015andexperience,inthestr
4、ongconvectionforecasting,themajorproblemsinsevereconvectiveweatherforecastingarelackingmonitoringcapacity,shortofknowledgeoftheformationmechanismofstrongconvectiveweather,shortofnumericalpredictionmodels,andshortofweatherforecastmethods.Inactualoperations,amorefeasiblemethodofconvectiv
5、eweatherforecastis:firstly,gatheringmorecomprehensivebackgroundknowledgeofstrongconvectionweather;secondly,usingstrongconvectiveweatherforecastmethodinaccordancewiththeingredientsandtypingofconvectivepotentialweathertodetermineconvectiveweatherzone;atlastperformingstrongconvectiveweath
6、erwarningandforecastaccordingtoradar,satellitedatasuchasthecombinationofstrongconvectionnowcastingextrapolationmethod.Keywords:severeconvectivestormweather;forecastthought;warning下同)左右,由于遭受強(qiáng)對(duì)流天氣的突然襲擊,一艘載引言有456人的由南京駛往重慶的“東方之星”客輪在長(zhǎng)江強(qiáng)對(duì)流天氣是指雷暴、冰雹、龍卷、雷雨大風(fēng)和颮湖北段監(jiān)利縣附近傾覆,造成442人遇難的特大事故線等劇烈的天氣現(xiàn)象,
7、屬于中小尺度天氣系統(tǒng)。它們(以下簡(jiǎn)稱沉船事件)。的水平尺度變化可以從幾公里范圍的濃積雨云一直本文根據(jù)自身天氣預(yù)報(bào)實(shí)際工作經(jīng)驗(yàn),尤其是強(qiáng)到幾百公里的颮線,其垂直范圍可以伸展到10km以天氣預(yù)報(bào)中所遇到的問題,結(jié)合2015年6月1日強(qiáng)對(duì)上,或占據(jù)整個(gè)對(duì)流層,是氣象災(zāi)害中歷時(shí)短(有時(shí)強(qiáng)流天氣進(jìn)行分析,提出強(qiáng)對(duì)流天氣的預(yù)報(bào)思路和預(yù)報(bào)對(duì)流從發(fā)生到結(jié)束僅30~50min,有時(shí)可達(dá)數(shù)小時(shí))、著眼點(diǎn)。局地性強(qiáng)、天氣劇烈、破壞性強(qiáng)的災(zāi)害性天氣,也是目1強(qiáng)對(duì)流天氣預(yù)報(bào)中存在的若干問題[1-5]前陸地監(jiān)測(cè)、預(yù)報(bào)、預(yù)警難點(diǎn)之一,較強(qiáng)的強(qiáng)對(duì)流天氣系統(tǒng)對(duì)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)會(huì)造成較大影響,直接威脅人類