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1、MalthusianismTheMalthusianismisthepopulationtheorycreatedbyThomasRobertMalthus.ANESSAYONTHEPRINCIPLEOFPOPULATIONIn1798,ThomasMalthuspublishedAnEssayonthePrincipleofPopulation,describinghistheoryofquantitativedevelopmentofhumanpopulations.ThetwoprinciplesintheessayFirstly,foodisnece
2、ssarytotheexistenceofman.Secondly,thepassionbetweenthesexesisnecessaryandwillremainnearlyinitspresentstate.ThepowerofpopulationisindefinitelygreaterthanthepowerintheearthtoproducesubsistenceformanTheoryofpopulationgrowthPopulationisnecessarilylimittedbymeansofsubsistencePopulationi
3、nvariablyincreaseswheremeansofsubsistenceincreasesunlesspreventedbysomeverypowerful&obviouschecksThesechecks,whichrepressthepowerofpopulationgrowth,andkeepitseffectsonalevelwiththemeansofsubsistenceareresolvableintomoralrestraint(chastity),vice(birthcontrol,postponementofmarriage)&
4、misery(starvation)ProposedsolutionsMalthusarguedthattwotypesofchecksholdpopulationwithinresourcelimitspositivechecksincludehunger,diseaseandwarpreventiveonesabortion,birthcontrol,prostitution,postponementofmarriageandcelibacyLimitation:Itcannotreflectthesocialreasonofthepopulationp
5、henomenonItcannotforeseemodernscienceandtechnologyinimprovingagriculture,industryproductionandthescientificbirthcontrolManypeoplecriticizedMalthus’stheory,butdonotforgethiswordsinhiswork:Ifheshouldsucceedindrawingtheattentionofmoreablementowhatheconceivestobetheprincipaldifficultyi
6、nthewaytotheimprovementofsocietyandshould,inconsequence,seethisdifficultyremoved,evenintheory,hewillgladlyretracthispresentopinionsandrejoiceinaconvictionofhiserror.Thanksforyourtime
