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1、Chapter5DescriptionofcategoricaldataContentRate、proportionandratioApplicationofrelativenumbersStandardizationofrateDynamicseriesandanalysisindexSection1RelativeNumbers1、Rate2、Proportion3、Ratio1、RateRate:Todescribethefrequencyorintensionofsomephenomenon.=Numberofindividualoccu
2、rredsomethingwithinaperiodoftimeRateThewholenumberoflikelytooccurredsomethinginthesameperiodExample1Toinvestigate8589oldpeopleinsomecityin1998,and2823peoplehadhypertension.Morbidityrate:2823/8589?100%=32.87%2、ProportionProportion:Todescribetheratioofnumberofonepartandthewhole
3、numberinthesamething.Formula:100%=NumberofindividualsinonepartProportionThewholenumberofindividualsExample2Calculatethepatientsproportionof5diseasesinonehospitalin1990and1998.Example2Calculatethepatientsproportionsof5diseasesinonehospitalin1990and1998.Characteristics:(1)Summa
4、tionofproportionsinonethingis100%.(2)Proportionsinthesamethingareinteractional.3、RatioRatio:thequotientoftworelatedindexsFormula:(100%)AindexRatio=BindexExample3Thereare370malenewbornsand358femalenewbornsinahospitalinoneyear,thenThesexratioofnewbornbabies:370/358×100=103Secti
5、on2Applicationofrelativenumbers1、Thedenominatorofrelativenumbershouldnotbetoosmall.2、Proportionshouldnotsubstituterate.3、Tocalculatethetotalratecorrectly.4、Comparisonofrelativenumbers5、Comparisonofsamplerate(proportion)shoulddohypothesistest.Section3Standardizationofrate1、Def
6、initionTocalculatestandardratebyuniforminteriorconstitute.Standardization(oradjustment)ofratesisusedtoenablethevalidcomparisonofgroupsthatdifferregardinganimportanthealthdeterminant(mostcommonlyage).Itisinfactaspecificapplicationofthegeneralmethodstocontrolforconfoundingfacto
7、rs.2、CalculationMethodDirectstandardizationIndirectstandardizationApproach1.Choosethecorrectmethodbyconditionofdata.2.Choosestandardcomposing.3.Calculatestandardrate.FormulaDirectstandardizationIndirectstandardizationExample4Tocalculatestandardcurerateoftwotherapeutics.Approa
8、ch:1)Diseasecurerateoftwotherapeuticsisknown-Directstandardization2)