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《The-Nomenclature-of-Inorganic-Compounds無(wú)機(jī)化合物的英文命名規(guī)則.ppt》由會(huì)員上傳分享,免費(fèi)在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫(kù)。
1、TheNomenclatureofInorganicCompoundsTheNomenclatureofInorganicCompoundsNamingMetalOxides&NonmetalOxidesNamingBasesNamingAcidsNamingSaltsNamingMetalOxides&NonmetalOxides1、只形成一種化合物分子式中第一元素名+第二元素詞干+ideMgOmagnesiumoxideCaOcalciumoxideNa2OsodiumoxideSiO2siliconoxide2、形成2種及以上的化合物采用Albe
2、rtStock命名規(guī)則,加羅馬數(shù)字表示化合價(jià)。金屬氧化物普遍采用此規(guī)則。使用希臘數(shù)字表示數(shù)的詞綴:mono-,di-,tri-,tetr(a)-,pent(a)-,hex(a)-,hept(a)-,oct(a)-,non(a)-anddec(a)-。NamingMetalOxides&NonmetalOxidesNamingMetalOxides&NonmetalOxidesFeOiron(Ⅱ)oxideferrousoxideFe2O3iron(Ⅲ)oxideferricoxideCOcarbon(Ⅱ)oxidecarbonmonoxideCO2ca
3、rbon(Ⅳ)oxidecarbondioxideSO3sulfur(Ⅵ)oxidesulfurtrioxideN2O3nitrogen(Ⅲ)oxidedinitrogentrioxideP2O5phosphorus(Ⅴ)oxidediphosphoruspentoxideCl2O7chloring(Ⅶ)oxidedichlorineheptoxideNamingMetalOxides&NonmetalOxidesManyofthemostcommonbinarynonmetalcompondshavecommonnameswhichareusemor
4、efrequently:CompoundNameH2OwaterH2O2hydrogenperoxideNH3ammoniaN2H4hydrazinePH3phosphineAsH3arsineNOnitricoxideN2OnitrousoxideNamingBases氫氧化物陽(yáng)離子元素名+hydroxideNaOHsodiumhydroxideKOHpotassiumhydroxideBa(OH)2bariumhydroxideAl(OH)3aluminiumhydroxideNamingAcids1、非含氧酸氫某酸hydro+成酸元素詞干+ica
5、cidHClhydrochloricacidHFhydrofluoricacidH2ShydrosulfuricacidHCNhydrocyanicacidNamingAcids2、含氧酸(1)原酸或正酸成酸元素詞干+icacidH2SO4sulfuricacidHNO3nitricacidH3PO4phosphoricacidHClO3chloricacidNamingAcids2、含氧酸(2)高酸per+成酸元素詞干+icacidHMnO4permanganicacidHClO4perchloricacidNamingAcids2、含氧酸(3)亞酸
6、成酸元素詞干+ousacidHNO2nitrousacidH3PO3phosphorousacidHClO2chlorousacidH2SO3sulfurousacidNamingAcids2、含氧酸(4)次酸hypo+成酸元素詞干+ousacidH3PO2hypophosphorousacidHClOhypochlorousacidNamingAcids2、含氧酸(5)焦酸pyro+成酸元素詞干+icacidH4P2O7pyrophosphoricacidH2S2O7pyrosulfuricacidNamingAcids2、含氧酸(6)偏酸meta+
7、成酸元素詞干+icacidHPO3metaphosphoricacidH2SiO3metasilicicacidNamingAcids2、含氧酸(7)硫代酸t(yī)hio+成酸元素詞干+icacidH2S2O3thiosulfuricacidNamingAcids2、含氧酸(8)過(guò)氧酸peroxy+成酸元素詞干+icacidH2S2O8peroxydisulfuricacidNamingAcids高酸per+成酸元素詞干+ic正酸成酸元素詞干+ic亞酸成酸元素詞干+ous次酸hypo+成酸元素詞干+ous焦酸:pyro+成酸元素詞干+ic偏酸:meta+成酸
8、元素詞干+ic硫代酸:thio+成酸元素詞干+ic過(guò)氧酸:peroxy+成酸元素詞干+icNa