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1、ACoursebookonPragmaticTranslation英漢—漢英應(yīng)用翻譯綜合教程授課人：賀鴻莉Lecture1IntroductiontoTranslationI.WhatisTranslation?1.AstoryoftranslationinBibleLonglongago,allthepeoplespeakthesamelanguage.Whentheytransferredtotheeast,theyfoundaplainandthenlivedthere.Theydecidedtobuildatalltower,sothatitcanstretchtothe
2、heavenandtheycanliveintheheaven.WhenJesussawthis,hewasafraidthatifallthepeoplespeakthesamelanguage,theycandoeverythingtheywant.SoJususwentdownfromtheheavenandconfusedtheirlanguagessotheycouldn’tcommunicatewitheachotherandtheydidn’tfinishtheBableTower.Sincethen,peoplelivedindifferentplacesands
3、pokedifferentlanguages.Hencecomesthetranslation.《圣經(jīng)》中的創(chuàng)世紀(jì)載有這樣一則故事：洪水消落以后，諾亞的子孫在地球上繁衍生息，分住在不同的部落。當(dāng)時(shí)天下人操同一口音，講同一種語言。他們往東遷移的時(shí)候，在示拿發(fā)現(xiàn)一片平原，便在平原上居住下來。他們商量燒制磚塊，合上灰泥，修建一座城池和一座高塔，塔頂要通天，以便揚(yáng)名天下，不致分散居住在地上。這時(shí)，耶和華臨界，看見人們正在修建通天塔。耶和華想：這些人若講一種語言，凡事便可心想事成，無可不為了。耶和華便下界，弄亂了人們的語言，讓他們言語不通，交際受阻，同心也無法同力；于是，通天塔也就半途而廢
4、。人們只得按耶和平共處的意愿，離開這座城池，分散到世界各地，講著各自的語言。從此以后，世界上的語言五花八門。語言的隔閡阻礙著人類交往，阻礙著文化交流也阻礙著文明的發(fā)展。但亙古以來，人類從未停止溝通語言和交流文化的活動(dòng)，這活動(dòng)便是翻譯。2.SomeDefinitionsofTranslation：（翻譯的定義和內(nèi)涵）中文的“翻譯”一詞詞義豐富，可表達(dá)四種不同的含義：Translating翻譯過程Atranslation譯作Translation翻譯（包括翻譯過程和該過程的產(chǎn)品）Translator譯者Whatistranslation?Abookishmantendstoresor
5、ttothedefinitionsfoundinthedictionaries.Hethenwouldbelievethattranslationmeans:Changing(speechorwriting)fromonelanguageintoanother.(LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish);Givingthemeaningof(sthsaidorwritten)inanotherlanguage.(TheAdvancedLearner’sDictionaryofCurrentEnglish);Expressinginanothe
6、rlanguage,systematically,retainingtheoriginalsense.(AmercianHeritageDictionary).Allthesedefinitionsaresimpleandstraightforwardandtheydohelpusunderstandtranslationinsomesense.Butwecanneverstartanyscientificresearchjustwithsuchsimpleandgeneraldefinitions.Atranslatorisalwayspuzzledoversuchquesti
7、onsas:Musthistranslationgivethewordsortheideasoftheoriginal?Shouldhistranslationreflectthestyleoftheoriginalorthatofhisown?Shouldhistranslationreadlikeanoriginaloratranslation?Whetherornothistranslationmayaddtooromitfromtheoriginal?Theabovequ
