上海市奉賢區(qū)2020-2021學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末調(diào)研測試英語Word版含解析

《上海市奉賢區(qū)2020-2021學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末調(diào)研測試英語Word版含解析》由會員上傳分享，免費在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫。

2020學(xué)年奉賢區(qū)高二第二學(xué)期期末調(diào)研測試英語試卷考試時間：120分鐘滿分：140分I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Onlytheman.B.Onlythewoman.C.Boththemanandthewoman.D.Neitherthemannorthewoman.2.A.Thesameprice.B.Differentprices.C.Thesamecolor.D.Thesamesize.3.A.Christinahasgonehome.B.Christinafeelsathomethere.C.She'sknownChristinaalongtime.D.ShejustmetChristina.4.A.20.B.25.C.18.D.36.5.A.It'ssnowy.B.It'scloudy.C.It'shot.D.It'sfine6.A.Thecinema.B.Theartcenter.C.Thedininghall.D.Thetheatre.7.A.Itwasn'topenonSundays.B.Itsopeninghadbeenpostponed.C.ItwasgoingtoclosebeforeSunday.D.Itdidn'tdeservethepraiseitreceived8.A.Thegalleryisagoodplacefortheexhibition.B.Preparingfortheexhibitionwon'tbeeasy.C.Themanisn'ttellingthetruthabouttheoffer.D.Themanismakingabaddecision.9.A.Spendingmoretimeonsightseeing.B.Visitingthecitywithagroup.C.Touringthecityonafineday.

1D.Takingthemanwithheronthetour.10.A.Theairwillbecleaneriftheygotoanothercity.B.It'llsoonbetoolatetocontrolthepollution.C.Societywillnotpayattentiontothenewlaws.D.Thesituationwillimproveifchangesaremade.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Apoliceman.B.Afireman.C.AdoctorD.Abusinessman.12.A.Turnontheradio.B.Getupearly.C.CallJohnrightaway.D.Watchthelivenews.13.A.Joewantedtobecomeamillionaire.B.BothJohnandJoediedonSept.11.C.Thefatherdiedofstomachcancereventually.D.Johnwantedtobeafirefighterbecauseofayounglady.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Thenumberoffishincreasesgreatly.B.Thereefs(礁)don'tmakeanywarningsounds.C.ThelevelofCO2inseawaterincreases.D.Variouskindsofsealifeareattractedtothereefs.15.A.Bythesoundsothersealifemakes.B.BythesmellsotherfishleaveC.Bythelightsotherfishgiveoff.D.Bythewavesothersealifesends.16.A.Theywillavoidswimmingnearreefs.B.Theyaresurroundedbyenemies.C.Theycan'tfindtheirwayhome.D.Theycan'tactwiselyforweakenedsenses.

2Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.She-hasrecentlydoneherhairandlooks-fantastic.B.Shewasrecommendedasacandidateforanaward.C.She'soccupiedinissuingawardstotheprizewinners.D.Shewasproudofherrecentchangeinherpublicimage.18.A.Becausehedidn'treceivepositivereviews.B.BecauseheknewthewomanwasbeingpoliteC.Becausehispreviousnovelwasmuchbetter.D.Becausehisworkwasmorehumorousthangreat.19.A.Johnwasanattractiveman.B.Johnwasdevotedtohisbusiness.C.JohnwasgoodatcatchingthievesD.Johnenjoyedsharinghisweddingphotos.20.A.Therobberwasarmedwithaknife.BTherobberyoccurredatthehairdresser's.C.Themanhelpedcatchtherobberbycoincidence.D.Themanwasinaparkwhentherobberyhappened.Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.FlyingHighBarringtonIrvingmadehishistoricflightandfoundedaneducationalnon-profit-makingorganization.Hismessageforkids:“Theonlything____1____separatesyoufromscientistsisdetermination,hardworkandastronglikingforwhatyouwanttoachieve.”Thesecret,hebelieves,ishavingadreaminthefirstplace,andthatstartswithlearningexperiencesthatinspirekidstobuildcareers.ThemomentofinspirationforIrvingcameattheageof15inhisparents'bookstore.Onecustomer,aprofessionalpilot,askedIrving____2____he'dthoughtaboutbecomingapilot.“ItoldhimIdidn'tthinkIwassmartenough;butthenextdayhetookmetothecockpitofthecommercial

3airplaneheflewandthenI____3____(hook).”____4____(follow)hisdream,IrvingturneddownafootballscholarshiptotheUniversityofFlorida.Hewashedairplanestoearnmoneyforaflightschoolandincreasedhisflyingskillsbypractisingathomeona$40flightsimulator(模擬)videogame.Thenanotherdreamtookhold:flyingalonearoundtheworld.Hefacedmorethan50rejectionsforsponsorship____5____convincingcompaniestodonateaircraftcomponents.Hetookoffwithnoweatherradar,nodeo-icingsystem,andjust$30inhispocket.“IliketodothingspeoplesayIcan'tdo.”After97days,26stopsanddozensofthunderstorms,hetoucheddownto____6____cheeringcrowdinMiami.“Itwasseeingsomanyyoungpeoplewatchingandlistening____7____pushedmeintogivingbackwithmyknowledgeandexperience.”Irvinghasbeendoingiteversince.Hesetuphisnon-profit-makingorganization,ExperienceAviation,____8____(mean)toincreasethenumberofyouthinaviationandscience-relatedcareers.Kidsattendprogramdealingwithhands-onroboticsprojectsandflightsimulatorchallenges.“Wewanttocreatechancesforstudents____9____theycanaccomplishsomethingamazing,”henotes.PerhapsIrving's_____10_____(powerful)educationaltoolistheexamplehisownlifeprovides.Afterlandinghisrecord-breakingflightatage23,hesaid.“EveryonetoldmeIwastooyoung,thatIdidn'thaveenoughexperience,strength,orknowledge.TheytoldmeitwouldtakeforeverandI'dnevercomehome.Well,guesswhat?”【答案】1.that2.whether/if3.washooked4.Tofollow5.before6.a7.that8.meant9.sothat10.mostpowerful【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了巴林頓·歐文進行了他歷史性的飛行，并建立了一個非營利性的教育組織。文章講述了他的個人經(jīng)歷以及對教育的看法?！?題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：你和科學(xué)家的唯一區(qū)別是決心、努力和對你想要取得的成就的強烈渴望。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞thing，先行詞在從句中作主語，指物，且由theonly修飾，只能用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)從句。故填that。

4【2題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：一個顧客，一個專業(yè)的飛行員，問歐文他是否想過成為一名飛行員。此處為賓語從句，從句不缺少成分，表示“是否”應(yīng)用whether或if引導(dǎo)。故填whether/if?！?題詳解】考查動詞語態(tài)。句意：但第二天，他帶我來到他駕駛的那架商用飛機的駕駛艙，我就迷上了他。根據(jù)上文“thenextdayhetookmetothecockpitofthecommercialairplaneheflew,”可知為一般過去時，主語與謂語動詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，主語為I，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故填washooked?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：為了實現(xiàn)自己的夢想，歐文拒絕了佛羅里達大學(xué)的橄欖球獎學(xué)金。follow在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式，此處為不定式作目的狀語，句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填Tofollow?！?題詳解】考查介詞。句意：在說服公司捐贈飛機部件之前，他面臨了50多次贊助拒絕。結(jié)合句意表示“在……之前”，后跟動名詞作賓語，應(yīng)用介詞before。故填before?！?題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：經(jīng)過97天，26次停留和幾十次雷雨，他在邁阿密的歡呼人群中著陸。crowd為可數(shù)名詞，此處表泛指應(yīng)用不定冠詞，且cheering是發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭的單詞，應(yīng)用a。故填a?！?題詳解】考查狀語從句。句意：看到這么多年輕人在觀看和傾聽，促使我用自己的知識和經(jīng)驗去回報社會。引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，表示“如此……以至于……”應(yīng)用so…that…。故填that?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他成立了非盈利組織“體驗航空”，旨在增加從事航空和科學(xué)相關(guān)職業(yè)的年輕人的數(shù)量。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知mean在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式，與邏輯主語ExperienceAviation構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過去分詞,bemeanttodosth.“照理/應(yīng)該做某事”。故填meant?！?題詳解】考查狀語從句。句意：他指出：“我們希望為學(xué)生創(chuàng)造機會，讓他們能夠成就一些了不起的事情?！币龑?dǎo)目的狀語從句，表示“以便，結(jié)果是”應(yīng)用sothat。故填sothat?！?0題詳解】考查最高級。句意：也許歐文最有力的教育工具是他自己的生活提供的榜樣。結(jié)合句意表示“最有力的”可知應(yīng)用形容詞最高級。故填mostpowerful。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankswithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethat

5thereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.riseB.decisionsC.worthD.promotingE.powerF.shiftedG.reliantH.promisedI.surveyingJ.postK.connectInarecentNewYorkercartoon,ahotelclerksaystotwocustomers,“Ifthere'sanythingwecandotomakeyourstaymorepleasant,justboastingaboutitallovertheinternet.”Itisahumoroussatireonthepopularviewthatonlineconsumershaveconsiderable____11____.Afewstrongwordsonanonlinereviewsitecanmakeabusinesschangeitsoperationmodeorgobankrupt.And,infact,onlinereviewsiteshavevastlychangedthewaypeoplemakeconsumer____12____.ReviewsitessuchasYelp,AmazonandTripAdvisorofferawiderangeofopinions.Bycombiningthemtogether,consumerscanknowmoreabouttherealqualityand____13____ofaproductorservice.Whenreviewsitesstartedappearing,they____14____opportunitiestobothbusinessesandshoppers.Areviewsiteallowedsmallbusinessesto____15____withmillionsofindividuals.Onestudyfoundthataone-star____16____inYelpratingsledtoafivetoninepercentincreaseinrevenue.Forconsumers,too,thereviewsitesofferednewopportunities.Asmoreshoppinghas____17____onlinefrombrick-and-mortarstores,consumershavebecomemore____18____onthefeedbackofothercustomerstomaketheirpurchasingdecisions.Andtherearereviewsitesfornearlyeverythingthesedays—fromtravelaccommodationstobargainshopping.Butatthesametime,thedrawbacksarebecomingexposed.Foronething,thereviewscanturnasimplepurchaseintoaresearchproject.Buyingsomethingasbasicasawaterbottleonlinenowinvolves____19____adozenbrands.Onlyasmallpercentageofcustomersactually_____20_____productreviewsonline.Ina2014study,MIT'sresearchersfoundthatoneinevery15reviewsofanitemisinfactwrittenbypeoplewhohaven'tpurchasedit.Theproblemisthattheother985customersrelyonthereviewswrittenbyeveryoneofthese15people.【答案】11.E12.B13.C14.H15.K16.A17.F18.G19.I20.J【解析】【分析】

6這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了在線評論網(wǎng)站已經(jīng)極大地改變了人們做出消費決定的方式。評論網(wǎng)站承諾給企業(yè)和消費者提供機會，允許小企業(yè)與數(shù)百萬個人建立聯(lián)系，也給消費者提供了新的機會。【11題詳解】考查名詞。句意：這是對網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費者擁有相當(dāng)大力量這一流行觀點的幽默諷刺?？仗幾髻e語，表示“力量”應(yīng)用名詞power，為不可數(shù)名詞。故填power。故選E。【12題詳解】考查名詞。句意：事實上，在線評論網(wǎng)站已經(jīng)極大地改變了人們做出消費決定的方式?？仗幾髻e語，表示“決定”應(yīng)用名詞decision，前文沒有冠詞，表示數(shù)量大于一應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填decisions。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞。句意：通過將兩者結(jié)合在一起，消費者可以更多地了解產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的真正質(zhì)量和價值。空處作賓語，表示“價值”應(yīng)用名詞worth。故填worth。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動詞。句意：當(dāng)評論網(wǎng)站開始出現(xiàn)時，它們承諾給企業(yè)和消費者提供機會。根據(jù)后文“opportunitiestobothbusinessesandshoppers”可知，空處作謂語，表示“承諾”應(yīng)用動詞promise，根據(jù)上文“Whenreviewsitesstartedappearing”可知為一般過去時。故填promised。故選H?！?5題詳解】考查動詞。句意：一個評論網(wǎng)站允許小企業(yè)與數(shù)百萬個人建立聯(lián)系。根據(jù)后文“withmillionsofindividuals”結(jié)合句意表示“與……聯(lián)系”可知短語為connectwith。故填connect。故選K。【16題詳解】考查名詞。句意：一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，Yelp評分的一星上升會帶來5%到9%的收入增長。空處作主語，表示“上升”應(yīng)用名詞rise，冠詞a提示用單數(shù)。故填rise。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查動詞。句意：隨著越來越多的購物從實體店轉(zhuǎn)向網(wǎng)上，消費者在做出購買決定時越來越依賴其他顧客的反饋。根據(jù)后文“onlinefrombrick-and-mortarstores”以及句意“轉(zhuǎn)向”可知應(yīng)用動詞shift，結(jié)合上文has可知為現(xiàn)在完成時。故填shifted。故選F?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：隨著越來越多的購物從實體店轉(zhuǎn)向網(wǎng)上，消費者在做出購買決定時越來越依賴其他顧客的反饋?？仗幾鞅碚Z，表示“依賴”應(yīng)用形容詞reliant。故填reliant。故選G?！?9題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：現(xiàn)在，在網(wǎng)上購買像水瓶這樣的基本商品需要調(diào)查十幾個品牌。結(jié)合語境表示“涉及做某事”可知短語為involvedoingsth.。故填surveying。故選I?！?0題詳解】

7考查動詞。句意：只有一小部分顧客會在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布產(chǎn)品評論。結(jié)合后文以及句意“發(fā)布”可知應(yīng)用動詞post，作謂語，此處為一般現(xiàn)在時，主語為Onlyasmallpercentageofcustomers，謂語動詞用原形。故填post。故選J。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.ItdidtakemequiteawhiletostartnoticingDr.YuvalNoahHarari’swell-receivedbook:Sapiens:ABriefHistoryofHumankind(人類簡史).IboughtthebookafterIheardDouWentao(arenownedTVhose)mentionitonhispodcast,andtobefrank,Ireadthefirstchapterwithlittle____21____.ButitturnedouttobethebestbookIreadin2017.WhileIwasimmediately_____22_____thebookkeptevolvingasIreadit.Thebookbeganwithabriefintroductionofthelivesandactivitiesoftheearliestproto-humans(原始人)---Neanderthals(尼安德特人),Homoerectus(直立人)andearlyHomoSapiens(智人)---andthen____23____anexaminationofwhyitwastheHomosapiens,afterhundredsofthousandsofyearsofsurvivingbutprettymuchexistinginthemiddleofthefoodchain,____24____rocketedtothetopofitwithoutanysignificantgeneticchanges,conqueredmultipleclimates,andeventuallydomesticatedtheworldaroundthemfromfarmanimalstocrops.AndHarariincludesaninterestingbutfairly____25____argumentaboutthetruenatureofourrelationshiptoourmostnecessarycrop---wheat.Thinkforamomentaboutthe____26____Revolutionfromtheviewpointofwheat.Tenthousandyearsagowheatwasjustawildgrass,oneofmany,confinedtoasmallrangeintheMiddleEast.Allofasudden,withinjustafewshortmillennia,itwasgrowingeverywhere.Sohowdidthisgrassturnfrominsignificanttoubiquitous(到處存在的)?Wheatdiditbymanipulating(操縱)Homosapienstoitsadvantage.Thisapehadbeenlivingafairlycomfortablelife____27____andgatheringuntilabout10,000yearsago,butthenbeganto____28____moreandmoreeffortincultivatingwheat.Then,humansinmanypartsoftheworldweredoinglittlefromdawntodusk____29____takingcareofwheatplants.However,thebodyofHomosapienshadnotevolvedforcultivatingwheat.Thereforehumanspines,knees,necksandarchespaidtheprice.Moreover,thenewagriculturaltasksdemandedsomuchtimethatpeoplewereforcedtosettle_____30_____nexttotheirwheatfields.Thiscompletelychangedtheirwayoflife.Wedidnot_____31_____wheat.It’stheotherwayaround.Oneofthemostimportantandsustainedideasrunningthroughthebookisthatwhatultimately_____32_____Homosapiensfromallothercreatures---othermammals,otherapes,andevenother“humans”likeNeanderthals---wasnotouropposablethumbsorsomeother_____33_____

8standards,butinsteaditwasourabilitytogenerate(生成),believeinandactuponwhatYuvalNoahNararicalls“myths”or“_____34_____”(essentiallyideasandculturalinstitutions),particularlyonalargescaleandcollectivebasis,whicheventuallytransformedusfromcreaturesthatlivedinsmall,loosely-organizedgroups(thetypicalfeatureofmostapes)toourmodernstatus.Sapiens:ABriefHistoryofHumankindisafascinatingambitiousanddifficult-to-summarizebookthatisalsojusthighly_____35_____.Soasseniorhighschoolstudents,youwon’texperiencetoomuchdifficultyfollowingtheauthor’strainofthoughts.AndIstronglyrecommendyoutoindulge(縱情于)yourselfinthiswell-writtenbook.InspiredbyYuvalNoahHarari’smind-blowingbook:Sapiens:AbriefhistoryofHumankind21.A.attentionB.evaluationC.illustrationD.expectation22.A.fascinatedB.confusedC.distractedD.uninterested23.A.turnedtoB.gaveawayC.preparedforD.wentafter24.A.naturallyB.randomlyC.suddenlyD.hardly25.A.annoyingB.touchingC.embarrassingD.depressing26.A.IndustrialB.AgriculturalC.CulturalD.Political27.A.plantingB.huntingC.tradingD.wondering28.A.spareB.resistC.investD.demand29.A.regardlessofB.contrarytoC.togetherwithD.otherthan30.A.permanentlyB.delightfullyC.temporarilyD.instantly31.A.consumeB.growC.domesticateD.harvest32.A.distinguishedB.disqualifiedC.discouragedD.dissatisfied33.A.intellectualB.physicalC.psychologicalD.moral34.A.poemsB.reportsC.documentsD.fictions35.A.complexB.overratedC.readableD.appreciated【答案】21.D22.A23.A24.C25.D26.B27.B28.C29.D30.A31.C32.A33.B34.D35.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，作者介紹了《智人：人類簡史》這本書的主要內(nèi)容并推薦大家閱讀?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：坦率地說，我讀第一章的時候，我沒抱太大的期望。A.attention注意力；B.

9evaluation估價；C.illustration圖解；D.expectation期待、期望。根據(jù)空后的“ButitturnedouttobethebestbookIreadin2017.”可知，但結(jié)果它是2017年我讀過的最好的一本書，轉(zhuǎn)折連詞But表明這個結(jié)果與我以前的想法相反，說明剛開始讀的時候我對這本書沒報太大的期望（沒想到它會是一本好書），故D項正確。【22題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然我很快就被吸引住了，但這本書在我讀的過程中不斷發(fā)展（越來越精彩）。A.fascinated著迷的、被深深吸引的；B.confused迷惑的；C.distracted分心的；D.uninterested不感興趣的。根據(jù)上文中的ButitturnedouttobethebestbookIreadin2017.”可知，它是2017年我讀過的最好的一本書，因此我很快就被它吸引了，故A項正確?！?3題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：這本書首先簡要介紹了最早的原始人類——尼安德特人、直立人和早期智人的生活和活動，然后轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)槭裁粗侨四軌蚺噬绞澄镯敹瞬ⅠZ養(yǎng)了周圍的世界這一問題的研究——在經(jīng)歷了幾十萬年的生存之后，智人基本上處于食物鏈的中間，在沒有任何顯著的基因變化的情況下，卻突然飛升到頂端，征服了多種氣候，并最終馴養(yǎng)了它們周圍的世界，從家畜到農(nóng)作物。A.turnedto轉(zhuǎn)向；B.gaveaway泄露；C.preparedfor為……準(zhǔn)備；D.wentafter追求。根據(jù)空前的“Thebookbeganwithabriefintroductionofthelivesandactivitiesoftheearliestproto-humans(原始人)---Neanderthals(尼安德特人),Homoerectus(直立人)andearlyHomoSapiens”可知，這本書首先簡要介紹了最早的原始人類——尼安德特人、直立人和早期智人的生活和活動，再結(jié)合空后的“nexaminationofwhyitwastheHomosapiens”可知，介紹完這些后，這本書開始轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)槭裁粗侨四軌蚺噬绞澄镯敹瞬ⅠZ養(yǎng)了周圍的世界這一問題的研究，故A項正確?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.naturally自然地；B.randomly隨便地；C.suddenly突然；D.hardly幾乎不。根據(jù)空后的“withoutanysignificantgeneticchanges”可知，這種變化是在沒有任何顯著的基因變化的情況下發(fā)生的，因此是突然的，故C項正確?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：哈拉里還提出了一個有趣但相當(dāng)令人沮喪的論點，即我們與最需要的作物小麥之間關(guān)系的本質(zhì)。A.annoying惱人的；B.touching動人的；C.embarrassing令人為難的；D.depressing令人沮喪的。根據(jù)空前的“interestingbut”可知與“有趣的”相對的自然是“令人沮喪的”，故D項正確。【26題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：讓我們從小麥的角度來思考一下農(nóng)業(yè)革命。A.Industrial工業(yè)的；B.Agricultural農(nóng)業(yè)的；C.Cultural文化的；D.Political政治的。根據(jù)空后的“fromtheviewpointofwheat”可知，小麥屬于農(nóng)作物，因此此處指“農(nóng)業(yè)革命”，故B項正確。

10【27題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這種類人猿在大約一萬年前就開始過著相當(dāng)舒適的狩獵和采集生活，但后來開始投入越來越多的精力來種植小麥。A.planting種植；B.hunting狩獵；C.trading交易；D.wondering想知道。根據(jù)下文中的“butthenbeganto____8____moreandmoreeffortincultivatingwheat.”可知此處講的是智人在種植小麥以前的活動，再結(jié)合空后的“gathering”可知此處指“狩獵和采集”，故B項正確?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.spare分讓；B.resist抵抗；C.invest投資；D.demand要求。根據(jù)空后的“moreandmoreeffortincultivatingwheat”可知，后來它們開始投入越來越多的精力來種植小麥，故C項正確?！?9題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：那時，世界上許多地方的人類除了照料小麥以外，從早到晚幾乎什么也不做。A.regardlessof不管；B.contraryto與……相反；C.togetherwith連同；D.otherthan除了。根據(jù)空前的“doinglittlefromdawntodusk”及空后的“takingcareofwheatplants”可知此處指“除了照料小麥以外，從早到晚幾乎什么也不做”，故D項正確?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，新的農(nóng)業(yè)任務(wù)需要如此多的時間，人們被迫永久定居在他們的麥田附近。A.permanently永久地；B.delightfully快樂地；C.temporarily臨時地；D.instantly立即地。根據(jù)空前的“thenewagriculturaltasksdemandedsomuchtime”可知，新的農(nóng)業(yè)任務(wù)需要大量的時間，因此人們被迫永久定居在麥田附近，故A項正確?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們沒有馴養(yǎng)小麥。A.consume揮霍；B.grow種植；C.domesticate馴養(yǎng)；D.harvest收獲。根據(jù)空后的“It’stheotherwayaround.”可知，這種生活方式和人類以前的生活方式正好相反，這說明人類以前沒有馴養(yǎng)小麥，上文中的“domesticatedtheworldaroundthemfromfarmanimalstocrops”也是提示，故C項正確?！?2題詳解】1考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：貫穿全書的一個最重要和最持久的觀點是，最終將智人與所有其他生物——其他哺乳動物、其他類人猿，甚至像尼安德特人這樣的其他“人類”區(qū)別開來的，不是我們的對生拇指或其他一些身體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而是我們創(chuàng)造、信仰和行動的能力，哈拉里稱之為“神話”或“小說”（基本上是思想和文化體系）。A.distinguished區(qū)別、區(qū)分；B.disqualified取消資格；C.discouraged使灰心；D.dissatisfied使不滿意。根據(jù)空后的“Homosapiensfromallothercreatures”可知此處指“將智人與所有其他生物區(qū)別開來”，故A項正確。

11【33題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.intellectual智力的；B.physical身體上的；C.psychological心理的；D.moral道德的。根據(jù)空前的“opposablethumbs”可知，對生拇指屬于身體特征，因此此處指“身體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，故B項正確。【34題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.poems詩；B.reports報告；C.documents文檔；D.fictions小說。根據(jù)空前的“myths”可知此處指“小說”，故D項正確?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：《智人：人類簡史》是一本引人入勝、難以概括的書，可讀性很強。A.complex復(fù)雜的；B.overrated高估的；C.readable讀起來津津有味的、可讀的；D.appreciated受歡迎的。根據(jù)空前的“Sapiens:ABriefHistoryofHumankindisafascinatingambitiousanddifficult-to-summarizebook”可知，《智人：人類簡史》是一本引人入勝、難以概括的書，可讀性很強，故C項正確?！军c睛】本篇第1空A項attention的干擾性較大，有些同學(xué)會認(rèn)為我剛開始并沒有集中精力讀這本書而誤選此項，但根據(jù)空后的“ButitturnedouttobethebestbookIreadin2017.”可知，但結(jié)果它是2017年我讀過的最好的一本書，轉(zhuǎn)折連詞But表明這個結(jié)果與我以前的想法相反，說明剛開始讀的時候我對這本書沒報太大的期望，言外之意，我沒想到它會是一本好書，即：坦率地說，我讀第一章的時候，我沒抱太大的期望，故D項（expectation）正確。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)WhenIwasapuppy,Ientertainedyouandmadeyoulaugh.Youcalledmeyourchild,anddespiteanumberofchewedshoesandacoupleofmurderedpillows,Ibecameyourbestfriend.WheneverIwas“bad”,you’dshakeyourfingeratmeandask“Howcouldyou?”—butthenyourolledmeoverforabelly(腹部)rub.Irememberthosenightsofrubbingyouinbedandlisteningtoyoursecretdreams,andIbelievedthatlifecouldnotbeanymoreperfect.Gradually,youbeganspendingmoretimeatworkandonyourcareer,andmoretimesearchingforahumanmate.She,nowyourwife,isnota“dogperson”—stillIwelcomedherintoourhome,triedtoshowheraffection,andobeyedher.Iwashappybecauseyouwerehappy.ThenthehumanbabiescamealongandIsharedyourexcitement.Iwasfascinatedbythepinkness,howthey

12smelled,andIwantedtomotherthem,too.OnlysheandyouworriedthatImighthurtthem,andIspentmostofmytimeinanotherroom.Therehadbeenatime,whenothersaskedyouifyouhadadog,thatyouproducedaphotoofmefromyourwalletandtoldthemstoriesaboutme.Thesepastfewyears,youjustanswered“yes”andchangedthesubject.Ihadgonefrombeing“yourdog”to“justadog”.Now,youhaveanewcareeropportunityinanothercity,andyouandtheywillbemovingtoanotherapartmentthatdoesnotallowpets.You’vemadetherightdecisionforyour“family”,buttherewasatimewhenIwasyouronlyfamily.Peopleintheanimalshelterareattentivetome,butIlostmyappetite.Atfirstwheneveranyonepassed,Irushedtothefront,hopingitwasyou—thatthiswasallabaddreamorIhopeditwouldatleastbesomeonewhocared,anyonewhomightsaveme.36.Howdidthedog’sownertreatthepuppywhenitwasatayoungerage?A.Heentertainedthepuppywithjokesandgestures.B.Hetreatedthepuppyasifitwereafamilymember.C.Hedisciplinedthepuppywhenitmadeamess.D.Hekeptthepuppyatadistanceforthechewedshoes.37.Whywasthepuppyexcludedfromtheroomafterthebabieswereborn?A.Thepuppywastemptedbythebabies’pinknessandsweetsmell.B.Thepuppyposesaseriousdangertothehealthandwell-beingofbabies.C.Thecouplewereconcernedthatthebabieswouldbeindanger.D.Themasterenviedthenaturalaffectionbetweenthebabiesandthepuppy.38.Whatcanweinferfromthelast3paragraphs?A.Itwashardforthepuppytoacceptthefactthatitwasignored.B.Themasterhadamixedfeelingfortheadvancementincareer.C.Thepuppyfeltrelievedforthemaster’sestablishmentofanewfamily.D.Itwasurgentforthemastertogiveupthepuppyandmovetoanothercity.39.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AGoodHearttoLeanonB.NewMemberoftheFamilyC.TheWordsofanAbandonedDogD.AnimalShelter:theLastHomeforPuppies【答案】36.B37.C38.A39.C【解析】

13【分析】這是一篇記敘文。一只忠誠但被遺棄的狗在講述自己從小到大和主人在一起的點點滴滴的故事，主人對小狗疼愛有加，工作之余陪著小狗一起進行室內(nèi)訓(xùn)練，帶著小狗一起去公園散步，騎車，吃冰激凌,慢慢地主人的工作越來越忙，小狗見證了主人娶妻生子的整個歷程，分享主人的幸福和喜悅．如今，主人要去另外一個城市從事新的工作，他們要搬到一個不允許帶寵物的公寓里去，小狗表現(xiàn)了對主人依依不舍的感情。【36題詳解】推理判斷題。由第一段“WhenIwasapuppy,Ientertainedyouandmadeyoulaugh.Youcalledmeyourchild,anddespiteanumberofchewedshoesandacoupleofmurderedpillows,Ibecameyourbestfriend.WheneverIwas“bad”,you’dshakeyourfingeratmeandask“Howcouldyou?”—butthenyourolledmeoverforabelly(腹部)rub”可知，當(dāng)我還是一只小狗的時候，我的頑皮滑稽每每惹來你發(fā)笑，為你帶來歡樂。你把我叫做你的孩子，雖然家里許多鞋子和一些靠枕都被我咬得殘缺不全，我依然是你最好的朋友。無論什么時候我干了“壞”事，你總會對我搖搖手指說：“你怎么可以這樣呢？”不過最后你都會原諒我，把我撲倒然后搓我的肚皮。所以通過小狗的回憶可以看出，小狗的主人在小狗年幼時把小狗當(dāng)家人一樣對待。故B選項正確?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段“OnlysheandyouworriedthatImighthurtthem,andIspentmostofmytimeinanotherroom.”可知，小狗的主人夫婦害怕他弄傷嬰兒，所以整天把小狗關(guān)在另一間房間里。所以是因為這對夫婦擔(dān)心孩子會有危險。故C選項正確。【38題詳解】推理判斷題。由第三段“Therehadbeenatime,whenothersaskedyouifyouhadadog,thatyouproducedaphotoofmefromyourwalletandtoldthemstoriesaboutme.Thesepastfewyears,youjustanswered“yes”andchangedthesubject.Ihadgonefrombeing“yourdog”to“justadog”.”可知，曾幾何時，人們問起你家里有沒有寵物時，你總是毫不遲疑地從包里掏出我的照片，向他們娓娓道出我的軼事?？墒牵鼛啄暧腥藛柶鹜粋€問題，你卻只是冷冷地回答“是”，隨即就轉(zhuǎn)向別的話題。我已經(jīng)從“你的狗兒”變成只是“一條狗”了。所以通過小狗主人態(tài)度的對比，我們能從倒數(shù)三段中推斷出小狗很難接受自己被忽視的事實。故A選項正確?！?9題詳解】

14主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，一只忠誠但被遺棄的狗在講述自己從小到大和主人在一起的點點滴滴的故事，主人對小狗疼愛有加，工作之余陪著小狗一起進行室內(nèi)訓(xùn)練，帶著小狗一起去公園散步，騎車，吃冰激凌，慢慢地主人的工作越來越忙，小狗見證了主人娶妻生子的整個歷程，分享主人的幸福和喜悅．如今，主人要得另外一個城市從事新的工作，他們要搬到一個不允許帶寵物的公寓里去，小狗表現(xiàn)了對主人依依不舍的感情。所以短文都是圍繞著“一只被遺棄的狗說的話”而展開的。故短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“一只被遺棄的狗說的話”。故C選項正確?！军c睛】通過對事物的對比或者比較是解決推理判斷題的重要解題方法，通過對事物的對比，能夠判斷出事物的不同點，差距等，意在突出對方的優(yōu)點或者缺點，或者判斷出作者的態(tài)度，或者反映出一定的事實。由第三段“Therehadbeenatime,whenothersaskedyouifyouhadadog,thatyouproducedaphotoofmefromyourwalletandtoldthemstoriesaboutme.Thesepastfewyears,youjustanswered“yes”andchangedthesubject.Ihadgonefrombeing“yourdog”to“justadog”.”可知，曾幾何時，人們問起你家里有沒有寵物時，你總是毫不遲疑地從包里掏出我的照片，向他們娓娓道出我的軼事?？墒?，近幾年有人問起同一個問題，你卻只是冷冷地回答“是”，隨即就轉(zhuǎn)向別的話題。我已經(jīng)從“你的狗兒”變成只是“一條狗”了。所以通過小狗主人態(tài)度的對比，我們能從倒數(shù)三段中推斷出小狗很難接受自己被忽視的事實。故小題3的正確選項為A選項。(B)PublicNoticeofSleepNoMoreShanghai1.WhatprotectivemeasuresatSleepNoMorehavebeenputinplace??Theshowareawillbecleanedwithdisinfectantthreetimesaday,includingbeforeandaftereachperformance.?Thenumberoraudiencesforeachperformancewillnotexceed75%ormaximumcapacity.?Allaudienceandstaff'membersarerequiredtowearfacemasksintheshowarea.?Toleavesufficienttimefordisinfection,thestarttimeformatinee(日場)performanceonweekendshasbeenadjustedto14:00.2WhatdoIneedtopreparebeforetheshow?Arethereanyadjustmentstotheshow??PleaseapplyfortheShanghaiHealthCodeandcheckthatit'sgreeninadvance.?Beforeentry,thebodytemperatureofallaudiencemembersmustbetaken.?Audiencememberswillnotbeadmittedunderanyofthefollowingcircumstances:?don'twearyourfacemask;?yourShanghaiHealthCodeisinvalidornotinagreenstatus;?yourbodytemperatureisabove37.3℃;?anyothersymptomofCOVID-19isobserved.?TheMcKinnonHotel'scustomizedwillbeonsaleforaudience.3.IstheSleepNoMorecompanymonitoringthehealthstatusofitsperformersaswellasstaffmembers?AllChineseandinternationalperformersaswellasstaffmembersofSleepNoMorehavebeenquarantinedfor14dayswithnosymptoms.

15?Bodytemperaturesaretakenandrecordeddaily.?Anymemberofthecompanywillbeputinself-quarantineiftheyreportanysymptomsandsenttohospitalifnecessary.4.Afterbookingonline,canIcollectmypaperticketbeforehand??Tominimizerisk,itisnowpossibletocollectpaperticketsbeforethedateofshowattheboxoffice.?PleasecollectyourticketsattheSleepNoMoreboxofficeuptotwoweeksinadvance.?Audiencememberswillbeadmittedviatheirpapertickets.?Kindreminder:pleasekeepyourpapersticketsafeasitwillnotbereplacediflost.?Theboxofficewillbeopenfrom10:30to17:00sevendaysaweek.5.Afterbooking,canIgetarefundformyticketorexchangeitforanotherdate?Ifthebookedperformanceiscancelledduetoforcemajeure,ticketrefundsorexchangeswillbeavailable.Otherwise,ticketexchangeisonlyavailableunderanyofthefollowingcircumstances:?TheaudiencemembercannotcometoshowduetoCOVID-19.?Theaudiencemember'sbodytemperatureisabove37.3℃andcannotbeadmittedtoSleepNoMore.40.Whichofthefollowingisnotincludedinprotectivemeasures?A.Theshowareamustbethoroughlydisinfected.B.Theaudiencenumberislimited.C.Alltheaudiencemustwearfacemasks.D.Publicrestroomsareforbidden.41.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?AAudiencecanentertheshowareaatnoononweekends.B.Audiencecanexchangee-ticketsforpaperticketsupto14daysinadvance.C.IfaudienceholdtheShanghaiHealthCode,theydon'tneedtotakebodytemperature.D.Internationalperformershavebeenquarantinedfor14daysbeforeenteringChina.42.Whichofthefollowingsituationallowsaudiencetokeeptheticketvalid?AAudiencemeetwithforcemajeure.B.Audiencelosethepapertickets.C.AudienceareinfectedwithCOVID-19afterbookingthetickets.D.Audiencehaveclosecontactwithperformersoftheshow.【答案】40.D41.B42.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是上海SleepNoMore演出的觀眾入場須知?！?0題詳解】

16推理判斷題。通過文章第一部分“Theshowareawillbecleanedwithdisinfectantthreetimesaday,includingbeforeandaftereachperformance.Thenumberoraudiencesforeachperformancewillnotexceed75%ormaximumcapacity.Allaudienceandstaff'membersarerequiredtowearfacemasksintheshowarea.(表演區(qū)域每天用消毒劑清洗三次，包括每次表演前后。每次演出的人數(shù)或觀眾人數(shù)不得超過75%或最大容量。所有觀眾和工作人員在展區(qū)必須戴口罩)”可知，展區(qū)必須徹底消毒，觀眾人數(shù)有限，以及所有的觀眾都必須戴口罩都屬于防護措施，可推知，禁止使用公共廁所不屬于防護措施。故選D項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四部分“PleasecollectyourticketsattheSleepNoMoreboxofficeuptotwoweeksinadvance.Audiencememberswillbeadmittedviatheirpapertickets.(請?zhí)崆皟芍艿絊leepNoMore票房取票。觀眾將通過紙質(zhì)門票入場)”可推知，觀眾最多可提前14天將電子門票兌換成紙質(zhì)門票。故選B項?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過文章最后一部分“Otherwise,ticketexchangeisonlyavailableunderanyofthefollowingcircumstances:TheaudiencemembercannotcometoshowduetoCOVID-19.(否則，只有在下列任何情況下，才可換票：觀眾因COVID-19無法前來觀看演出)”可知，在觀眾在訂票后感染了COVID-19的情況下，允許觀眾保留門票有效。故選C項。(C)Artificialintelligencehaspassedaclassictheoryofmindtestusedwithchimpanzees.ThetestexaminestheabilitytoperceivetheworldfromthepointofviewofanotherindividualandsoAIswiththisskillcouldbebetteratcooperatingandcommunicatingwithhumansandeachother.TocreatetheirAI,RaulVicenteattheUniversityofTartuinEstoniaandhiscolleagueswereinspiredbyananimalstudythatlookedatthefeedinghabitsofdominantandsubordinatechimpanzees."Chimpanzeeshavethesehierarchical(等級制的)structuresintheirsocietyand,inprinciple,thedominantonealmostalwaysgetsthefood,"saysVicente.Thechimpstudyshowedthatthesubordinate(下屬的)animalwouldonlygoforfoodthatitknewthedominantanimalcouldn'tsee,suggestinganabilitytoplaceitselfinanother’sposition.Toreplicatethisset-up,Vicenteandhiscolleaguescreatedavirtual11-by-11GridinwhichtheyplacedtwoAIs-onedominantandonesubordinate–andasinglepieceoffoodindifferentorientationsandlocations.ThesubordinateAIwasabletomovewithinthegrid,andwasgivenpointsifitatefoodthatthedominantagentcouldn'tsee,butlostpointsifitatefoodinthedominantagent'ssight.Itlearnedviatrialanderror,inaprocesscalledreinforcementlearning,whetherornottomovetowardsthefood.AkeydifferencebetweenapesandtheAIisthattheAIrequiredseveralthousandtrialsbeforeitlearnedthe

17task,whilechimpanzeesunderstooditintuitively.Beingabletounderstandtheperspectiveofotherindividualsenablescommunication,cooperationandcompetition,saysVicente."Itisabsolutelyessentialforsurvivalforanysocialspecies.”AIswiththeoryofmindarekeytobuildingmachinesthatcanunderstandtheworldaroundthem.Inrecentyears,theskillhasbeendevelopedinarobotwhosememoriesaremodelledonhumanbrainsandinDeepMind'sToM-net,whichunderstandsthatotherscanhavefalsebeliefs.Theultimategoalofthiskindofresearchisformachinestobecomebetteratcommunicatingwithpeople,butitwillbealongtimebeforeAIsdeveloptheoryofmindatalevelcomparabletohumans,saysVicente.“Itwillbefunandeffectivetointeractwiththeseagentswhentheyareabletoputthemselvesinourperspective,”saysVicente,becauseAIswiththeoryofmindwouldbeabletocommunicatethingsthatwedon'tknoworcan'tsee.ButJoannaBrysonattheUniversityofBathintheUKsaysthatAIsthatdeveloptheabilitytoseefromotherperspectiveswon'tnecessarilyleadtomachinesthataremorelikehumans,asthereareotheraspectsoftheoryofmindthataren'tyetwell-capturedinvirtualtests.43.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthechimpstudyistrue?A.Thesubordinatechimpfailedtogetthefoodduetotheirpooreyesight.B.TheinequalityamongchimpsdeservesourcarefulconsiderationC.AIscanlearnalotfromchimpssothattheycanbecomemoreuser-friendly.D.ThechimpstudyoffersacluetodevelopingAl'scapacitytofollowsocialpatterns.44.Theword"replicate"(Paragraph3)isclosestinmeaningto“________”.A.copyB.publishC.discoverD.review45.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.ThesubordinateAIcouldidentifywhethertoeatthefoodfromtheverybeginningB.CreatingAIswithathinkingpatternsimilartothatofhumansisnotawalkinthepark.C.Itwon'tbelongbeforewecandevelopAIsthatcanrecognizeothers'falsebeliefs.D.AIscan'tmatchhumansintheoryofmindmainlybecausetheyhavepoormemories46.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.AIcancommunicatewellwithhumansasapesdo.B.ThereisalongwaytogobeforeAIthinkslikehumans.C.AIlearnshowtoimagineitselfinanother'sshoes.D.Chimpanzeesareabletothinkfromothers'perspectives.【答案】43.D44.A45.B46.C

18【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了人工智能學(xué)習(xí)如何站在別人的角度想象自己?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Artificialintelligencehaspassedaclassictheoryofmindtestusedwithchimpanzees.”（人工智能已經(jīng)通過了一項用于黑猩猩的經(jīng)典思維理論測試）根據(jù)第二段“TocreatetheirAI,RaulVicenteattheUniversityofTartuinEstoniaandhiscolleagueswereinspiredbyananimalstudythatlookedatthefeedinghabitsofdominantandsubordinatechimpanzees.”（為了創(chuàng)建他們的人工智能，愛沙尼亞塔爾圖大學(xué)的RaulVicente和他的同事們受到了一項動物研究的啟發(fā)，他們研究了占主導(dǎo)地為的黑猩猩和占從屬地位的黑猩猩的食性）根據(jù)第四段“Toreplicatethisset-up,Vicenteandhiscolleaguescreatedavirtual11-by-11GridinwhichtheyplacedtwoAIs-onedominantandonesubordinate–andasinglepieceoffoodindifferentorientationsandlocations.ThesubordinateAIwasabletomovewithinthegrid,andwasgivenpointsifitatefoodthatthedominantagentcouldn'tsee,butlostpointsifitatefoodinthedominantagent'ssight.Itlearnedviatrialanderror,inaprocesscalledreinforcementlearning,whetherornottomovetowardsthefood.”（為了復(fù)制這一設(shè)置，Vicente和他的同事們創(chuàng)建了一個虛擬的11乘11網(wǎng)格，在其中他們將兩個AI（一個主AI和一個從AI）和一塊食物放置在不同的方向和位置，從屬AI能夠在網(wǎng)格內(nèi)移動，如果它吃了主AI看不見的食物，就會得到分?jǐn)?shù)，但是如果它吃了主AI看的見的食物，就會失去分?jǐn)?shù)。它通過反復(fù)試驗，在一個叫做強化學(xué)習(xí)的過程中，學(xué)會了是否向食物靠近）由此可知，對黑猩猩的研究為發(fā)展AI的社會模式能力提供了線索。故選D項?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“Vicenteandhiscolleaguescreatedavirtual11-by-11GridinwhichtheyplacedtwoAIs-onedominantandonesubordinate–andasinglepieceoffoodindifferentorientationsandlocations.”(Vicente和他的同事們創(chuàng)建了一個虛擬的11乘11網(wǎng)格，在其中他們將兩個AI-一個主AI和一個從AI-和一塊食物放置在不同的方向和位置。)由此可知，AI的設(shè)置模式是模仿了占主導(dǎo)地為的黑猩猩和占從屬地位的黑猩猩的模式。所以劃線詞的意思是“復(fù)制，模仿”的意思。故選A項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Theultimategoalofthiskindofresearchisformachinestobecomebetteratcommunicatingwithpeople,butitwillbealongtimebeforeAIsdeveloptheoryofmindatalevelcomparabletohumans,saysVicente.”(維森特說，這類研究的最終目標(biāo)是讓機器更好地與人溝通，但人工智能要發(fā)展出與人類相當(dāng)?shù)男闹抢碚撨€需要很長時間。)由此判斷出，創(chuàng)造一個思維模式與人類相似的人工智能并不是輕而易舉的事。故選B項?！?6題詳解】

19主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“ThetestexaminestheabilitytoperceivetheworldfromthepointofviewofanotherindividualandsoAIswiththisskillcouldbebetteratcooperatingandcommunicatingwithhumansandeachother.”(這項測試檢驗的是從另一個人的角度看世界的能力，因此具有這項技能的人工智能能夠更好地與人類和其他人合作和交流。)以及下文的具體解釋可知，短文主要在講人工智能學(xué)習(xí)如何站在別人的角度想象自己。故選C項。SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattheretwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Englishischanging,INNT(isn’tit)?MillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldarelearningEnglishbuthowmanyofthemrealisethattheEnglishtheyarelearningisconstantlychanging?Newwordsareenteringthelanguage,existingwordsaredevelopingnewmeaningsandotherwordsaretailingoutofuse.____47____Sowhatdrivesthesechangesandshouldwetrytostopthem?Notsurprisingly,technologyisresponsibleforalotofnewwords.Twentyyearsago,nooneknewwhata“blog”wasbutwhenpeoplebeganwritingweblogsonline,thephrasewasquicklyshortenedto“blog”andthewriterwascalleda“blogger”.Andnowadays,internetusersareconstantlywarnedaboutthedangersof“phishing”,wherecriminalstrytogetyourcreditcardandbankdetailsbysendingdishonestmails.____48____Criminalsuseemailstocatchvictimsjustlikefishermenusewormstocatchfish.Thearrivaloftextingonmobilephonescreatedaquickandeasywaytostayintouchwithfriends.ItalsocreatedtheneedforaveryshortformofEnglish—atextmessageisonly160characterslong.Insteadofwriting“seeyoulater”,teenagersstartedtowrite“cu18r”andwhentheyfoundsomethingfunny,theywrote“l(fā)ol”.insteadof“l(fā)aughoutloud”.Atthemomentitisstillwrongtousethislanguageinessays,jobapplicationsandsoon.____49____Itwillchangesoon,Ithink,lol!GlobalisationhasbeenaneffectivewayofspreadingEnglisharoundtheworld.Butnowmanypeoplebelievethatnon-nativespeakersofEnglisharecreatingtheirownformofthelanguage,whichhasbeennamedGlobish.Withitslimitedvocabularyandsimplesentences,thisformofEnglishenablesaSpanishbusinessmantocommunicateeasilywithaChinesestudent,forexample.____50____Perhapsitalreadyis!Soifwecouldtravelintothefuture,wouldwefindpeopleallovertheworldspeakingacommonlanguage?Probablynotbutatleastcommunicationmightbesimpleroneday…innit?A.It’squickerandeasierthanusingtherightquestiontag.B.ButhowlongwillitbebeforetextspeakisstandardEnglish?

20C.Thewordisavariationon“fishing”.D.EventhegrammarofEnglishischangingslowly.E.SomepeoplebelieveGlobishwillbeLiemostcommonlyspokenlanguageintheworldoneday.F.Somepeoplearetakingastandagainstteentextspeakandslang.【答案】47.D48.C49.B50.E【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述隨著歷史的變遷，英語語言的運用也隨之改變。【47題詳解】上文“Newwordsareenteringthelanguage,existingwordsaredevelopingnewmeaningsandotherwordsaretailingoutofuse.（新詞不斷地進入英語，現(xiàn)有的詞不斷地產(chǎn)生新的含義，而其他的詞則逐漸被淘汰。）”具體講述了英語的變化，D項“EventhegrammarofEnglishischangingslowly.（甚至英語的語法也在慢慢改變。）”繼續(xù)說明英語的變化，銜接上文。故選D項?！?8題詳解】上文“Andnowadays,internetusersareconstantlywarnedaboutthedangersof“phishing”,wherecriminalstrytogetyourcreditcardandbankdetailsbysendingdishonestmails.（如今，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶不斷被警告“網(wǎng)絡(luò)釣魚”的危險，罪犯試圖通過發(fā)送不誠實的郵件獲取你的信用卡和銀行信息。）”和下文“Criminalsuseemailstocatchvictimsjustlikefishermenusewormstocatchfish.（罪犯用電子郵件來抓受害者，就像漁民用蠕蟲抓魚一樣。）”是對“phishing”的解釋，C項“Thewordisavariationon“fishing”.（這個詞是fishing(釣魚)的變體。）”說明phishing的由來，承上啟下。故選C項。【49題詳解】上文“Atthemomentitisstillwrongtousethislanguageinessays,jobapplicationsandsoon.（目前，在論文、求職申請等中使用這種語言仍然是錯誤的。）”說明這種語言還沒有作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語言使用。下文“Itwillchangesoon,Ithink,lol!（很快就會改變的，我想，哈哈!）”是對某一問題的回答。B項“ButhowlongwillitbebeforetextspeakisstandardEnglish?（但是，還有多久短信會話才會成為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語呢?）”和下文的回答相銜接。故選B項。【50題詳解】上文“Withitslimitedvocabularyandsimplesentences,thisformofEnglishenablesaSpanishbusinessmantocommunicateeasilywithaChinesestudent,forexample.（例如，由于詞匯量有限，句子簡單，這種形式的英語使西班牙商人能夠輕松地與中國學(xué)生交流。）”說明全球語在非英語母語者中使用的原因。下文“Perhapsitalreadyis!（或許它已經(jīng)是了?。笔菍δ骋环N觀點的肯定。E項“SomepeoplebelieveGlobishwillbeLiemostcommonlyspokenlanguageintheworldoneday.

21（有些人認(rèn)為全球語有一天會成為世界上最常用的語言。）”說明有人認(rèn)為全球語有很好的發(fā)展前景，承上啟下，符合語境。故選E項。IV.SummaryWriting51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Wherearethebees?Beesareessentialtotheproductionoffoodweeat.Beesmakehoney,buttheyalsopollinatelargeareasofcrops,suchasstrawberries,applesandonions.Aboutathirdofthefoodweeatisaresultofpollinationofthebees.Unfortunately,beeshavebeendisappearingatanalarmingrate.In2006,beekeepersstartedreportingaboutsomethingcalledColonyCollapseDisaster(CCD).ThemainsignofCCDisthelossofadulthoneybeesfromahive.InOctoberof2006,somebeekeepersreportedthattheyhadlostbetween30and90percentoftheirhives.Thereweremanytheoriesforthedisappearanceofthebees.Butthemostconvincingonehastodowithpesticidesandlifestylesofbeestoday.Nowadays,beekeepergetmostoftheirincomenotfromproducinghoneybutfromrentingbeestopollinateplants.Thismeansthatthelifeofthetypicalbeenowconsistsoftravellingallaroundthecountrytopollinatecropsastheseasonschange.Thatmeansalotoftravelingontrucks,whichisverystressfultobees.Itisnotunusualforupto30%ofthehivetodieduringtransportduetostress.Inaddition,beesthatspendmostoftheirtimelockedupontrucksarenotexposedtowhattheyusuallyliveon.Instead,theyliveonasweetliquidfromcorn,usuallypollutedwithpesticides.Theexactreasonforthedisappearanceofbeesisnotsure,butlosingbeesisverycostlytotheeconomy.Thebeepollinationservicesareworthover$8billionayear.Withnobees,pollinationwillhavetobedonebyhand,whichwouldhaveeffectsonthequalityoffoodandincreasedfoodpriced.Wehearalotaboutbigenvironmentaldisastersalmosteveryday.Butoneofthebiggestmayjustbethelessofthattinyflyinginsect.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Beesnotonlyprovideuswithhoney,butalsohelppollinatecrops.However,theyaredisappearingatanalarmingrateforunknowreason,whichwillbedisastroustousandeconomy.Somepeoplethinkitisthepesticidewhileothersthinkitisduetotransport.【解析】

22【分析】本文屬于環(huán)保文章，介紹蜜蜂正以驚人的速度消失，這可能和運輸、農(nóng)作物使用殺蟲劑以及環(huán)境有關(guān)，但是沒人知道確切原因。要求考生閱讀完總結(jié)論點，不能超過60個詞?！驹斀狻康谝徊剑瑲w納各個段落的段落大意，第一段講述蜜蜂對我們很重要，但是卻以驚人的速度消失，第二段講述蜜蜂出現(xiàn)這種狀況的情形，第三段講述可能造成此現(xiàn)象的原因；第四段講述這種現(xiàn)象對我們和經(jīng)濟的影響。第二步，可以擇出重要的信息，蜜蜂對我們很重要，但是卻以驚人的速度消失，可能造成此現(xiàn)象的原因，以及影響。第三步，得出答案，注意過渡與銜接，字?jǐn)?shù)控制在60字以內(nèi)?！军c睛】概要寫作做題技巧。概要寫作不是對段落大意的簡單堆積，需要學(xué)生讀懂文章的大概意思和文章結(jié)構(gòu)，還需要一定寫作替換技巧，且注意語言的簡潔性。第一步，確定文章的話題和各段的段落大意，比如本文話題為蜜蜂的消失，第一段講述蜜蜂對我們很重要，但是卻以驚人的速度消失，第二段講述蜜蜂出現(xiàn)這種狀況的情形，第三段講述可能造成此現(xiàn)象的原因；第四段講述這種現(xiàn)象對我們和經(jīng)濟的影響；第二步，分析各個段落的邏輯關(guān)系，確定主觀點和次要觀點；第三步，注意一定的寫作技巧，比如同義詞、近義詞的替換，句型和結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換；第四步，檢查單詞拼寫，語法規(guī)則，字?jǐn)?shù)問題等。V.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.52.據(jù)說，袁隆平大學(xué)一畢業(yè)就投身于農(nóng)業(yè)教學(xué)與研究。(upon)(漢譯英）【答案】Itissaidthatupongraduating,YuanLongpingdevotedhimselftoagriculturaleducationandresearch.【解析】【分析】【詳解】考查主語從句、介詞、短語、動詞和名詞。表示“據(jù)說”應(yīng)用it作形式主語，使用Itissaidthat句型；表示“致力于”短語為devoteto；表示“農(nóng)業(yè)教學(xué)與研究”為agriculturaleducationandresearch；表示“畢業(yè)”應(yīng)用動詞graduate，介詞upon之后，用動名詞作賓語。主句描述一個客觀的事實，用一般現(xiàn)在時；從句描述發(fā)生在過去的事情，用一般過去時。故翻譯為Itissaidthatupongraduating,YuanLongpingdevotedhimselftoagriculturaleducationandresearch.【點睛】53.這位導(dǎo)演完全有理由相信他的這部影片將是一部經(jīng)得起時間考驗的經(jīng)典之作。(stand)(漢譯英）【答案】Thedirectorhaseveryreasontobelievehisfilmwillbeaclassiconestandingthetestoftime.【解析】【詳解】

23考查動詞和名詞。句意：這位導(dǎo)演完全有理由相信他的這部影片將是一部經(jīng)得起時間考驗的經(jīng)典之作。根據(jù)句意分析可知，主語導(dǎo)演“thedirector”，相信“believe”，理由，原因“reason”，“有理由相信”可翻譯為“Thedirectorhaseveryreasontobelieve”；經(jīng)典之作“classic”，經(jīng)得起時間考驗“standthetestoftime”；整合句子，believe后跟賓語從句，可翻譯為“Thedirectorhaseveryreasontobelievehisfilmwillbeaclassicone”。standthetestoftime分詞后置定語修飾aclassicone，且主語和stand之間為主動關(guān)系，故翻譯為standingthetestoftime；陳述事實，可用一般現(xiàn)在時，故翻譯為Thedirectorhaseveryreasontobelievehisfilmwillbeaclassiconestandingthetestoftime。54.毋庸置疑，正是愛因斯坦的相對論才使得我們對空間、時間和引力有更深入的理解。（it）(漢譯英）【答案】Undoubtedly,itisthetheoriesofrelativityproposedbyEinsteinthathasledtoourdeeperunderstandingofspace,timeandgravity.【解析】【詳解】考查強調(diào)句型，時態(tài)和短語。分析句子并結(jié)合句意可知，句子用強調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)itis...that...，時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，undoubtedly“毋庸置疑”副詞作狀語，修飾整個句子，強調(diào)主語thetheoriesofrelativity“相對論”，proposebyEinstein“被愛因斯坦提出”作后置定語，修飾主語，propose與theories是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞作定語，leadtosth.“導(dǎo)致某事”是謂語動詞，根據(jù)句意，強調(diào)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語是單數(shù)，用hasledto，ourdeeperunderstandingofspace,timeandgravity“我們對空間、時間和引力有更深入的理解”作賓語，故翻譯為Undoubtedly,itisthetheoriesofrelativityproposedbyEinsteinthathasledtoourdeeperunderstandingofspace,timeandgravity.55.在任何情況下，我們都不要嘲笑別人，因為過往的經(jīng)歷教導(dǎo)我們，嘲笑別人的結(jié)果就是自己被嘲笑。（end）(漢譯英)【答案】Undernocircumstancesshouldwelaughatothers,aspastexperienceshavetaughtusthatlaughingatothersusuallyendsupbeinglaughedatbyothers.【解析】【分析】【詳解】考查動詞短語、動名詞的被動形式、部分倒裝、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在完成時、一般現(xiàn)在時、賓語從句和原因狀語從句。表示“在任何情況下都不”應(yīng)用介詞短語undernocircumstances，放在句首句子應(yīng)用部分倒裝。表示“嘲笑”應(yīng)用動詞短語laughat。表示“因為”應(yīng)用as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，此處表示過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生結(jié)果或影響，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。表示“經(jīng)歷”應(yīng)用名詞experience。表示“嘲笑別人的結(jié)果就是自己被嘲笑”應(yīng)用賓語從句，從句中不缺少成分和意義，所以用that引導(dǎo)，此處為客觀真理，所以應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。根據(jù)提示，表示“以做某事告終”應(yīng)用動詞短語endupdoing，用動名詞作賓語，此處表示被動，應(yīng)用動名詞的被動形式。再結(jié)合其它句意，故翻譯為Undernocircumstancesshouldwelaughatothers,aspastexperienceshavetaughtusthatlaughingatothersusuallyendsupbeinglaughedatbyothers.。

24VI.GuidedWriting56.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.最近一本在線雜志發(fā)表了一篇文章，文中詢問，在公眾眼中，什么樣的人是適合做年輕人的榜樣（rolemodel）。請你寫封信給該雜志，推薦一位你認(rèn)為適合做榜樣的名人（celebrity）。你的文章須包括：簡單介紹這位名人；為何這位名人適合做年輕人的榜樣。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearSir/Madam.Ihavereadyourmagazine'sarticleaskingwhatkindofpersonissuitabletobearolemodelforyoungpeople.Inmyopinion,therolemodelforyoungpeopleshouldbeapersonofourownage,whoisnotonlypositiveandsunny,butalsohasmadeoutstandingachievements.Inmymind,WangYuan,theleaderofTFboysissuchaperson.Sincehisdebut,hehasbroughtusalotofwonderfulsongs.HisgreatestachievementisthatasarepresentativeofChineseyouth,hewasinvitedtoattendtheECOSOCYouthForum2017heldattheUNheadquartersinNewYorkanddeliveredaspeechinEnglish.HeisnotonlythefirstChineseartistinvitedtoparticipateintheUNyouthforum,butalsothefirstChineseyouthidolontheUNstage.Inviewofthereasonsabove,IthinkWangYuanisagoodrolemodelforus.yourstruly,Lihua【解析】【分析】本篇書面表達是應(yīng)用文，要求寫一封書信?！驹斀狻康?步：根據(jù)提示可知，本文要求寫一封書信：最近一本在線雜志發(fā)表了一篇文章，文中詢問，在公眾眼中，什么樣的人是適合做年輕人的榜樣，請你寫封信給該雜志，推薦一位你認(rèn)為適合做榜樣的名人。你的文章須包括：簡單介紹這位名人；為何這位名人適合做年輕人的榜樣。時態(tài)應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時。第2步：根據(jù)寫作要求，確定關(guān)鍵詞（組），如；rolemodel（榜樣），celebrity（名人），sunny（陽光的），positive（積極的），outstanding（杰出的），achievement（成就），debut（出道）及youthidol

25（青年偶像）等。第3步：根據(jù)提示及關(guān)鍵詞（組）進行遣詞造句，注意主謂一致和時態(tài)問題。第4步：連句成文，注意使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞進行句子之間的銜接與過渡，書寫一定要規(guī)范清晰，保持卷面的整潔美觀?！军c睛】范文語言地道，語篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。作者在范文中使用了較多高級詞匯和句式，高級詞匯有besuitabletodo（適合做……），inone’sopinion（依某人的觀點），getintoshape(使身體好起來)，beinvitedtodo（受邀……）以及participatein（參加），而且還使用了非限定性定語從句“Inmyopinion,therolemodelforyoungpeopleshouldbeapersonofourownage,whoisnotonlypositiveandsunny,butalsohasmadeoutstandingachievements.”，表語從句“HisgreatestachievementisthatasarepresentativeofChineseyouth,hewasinvitedtoattendtheECOSOCYouthForum2017heldattheUNheadquartersinNewYorkanddeliveredaspeechinEnglish.”，賓語從句和非謂語動詞“Ihavereadyourmagazine'sarticleaskingwhatkindofpersonissuitabletobearolemodelforyoungpeople.”，全文沒有語法錯誤，上下句轉(zhuǎn)換自然流暢。