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北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)2022~2023學(xué)年度高二第一學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試卷(考試時(shí)間100分鐘滿分100分)本試卷共10頁(yè)。考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共三節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題;每小題1分，共10分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。BreakdownandStart-upJustovertwoyearsago,Iwasdrivinghomefairlylateonenightonaquiet,remoteroadwhenanothercarsuddenlymovedtowardsmewithgreat___1___.Ihadtomakeasuddenandquicksidewaysmovementto___2___hittingitandIalmosthitatree.LuckilyIwasn’thurt,butIcouldn’tgetmycartostart.Ithadbrokendown.Ifeltquite___3___asitwaslateandtherewerehardlyanyothercarsaround.I___4___myroadsideassistancecompanyforhelpandtheytoldmesomeonewouldbethereinaroundoneandhalfanhour.Afteraboutfifteenminutes,apassingcar___5___andastrongmanwithaseriousfacesteppedoutofthecar.HeaskedifIneeded___6___andItoldhimwhathadhappened.He___7___offeredtostaywithmeuntilroadsideassistancearrived.IwasuncertainaboutwhattodobecauseIwasnervousanduneasy.Therewassomethingverycalmandcomfortableinhisvoice,soItookhimuponhisoffer.Whilewaiting,westartedtalkingandreally___8___itoff.Bythetimetheroadsideassistancemanturnedup,we’darrangedto___9___again.Twoyearson,wehavesharedthejoysandsorrowsoflifetogether.IwishIcouldthankthecarelessdriverwhoforcedmeofftheroad.Ifhewasabetterdriver,I’dneverhavemetalifelong____10____.1.A.powerB.effortC.careD.speed2.A.avoidB.practiceC.riskD.delay3.A.guiltyB.ashamedC.anxiousD.curious4.A.phonedB.recommendedC.blamedD.examined5.A.startedupB.brokedownC.droveoffD.pulledup6.A.spaceB.helpC.careD.information7.A.kindlyB.carefullyC.eagerlyD.rudely8.A.tookB.shookC.knockedD.hit9.A.travelB.playC.meetD.wait
10.A.interestB.friendshipC.dreamD.habit【答案】1.D2.A3.C4.A5.D6.B7.A8.D9.C10.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是作者在一個(gè)晚上為了躲避車輛而導(dǎo)致自己的車無法再次啟動(dòng)，一個(gè)好心的司機(jī)停下車來陪著作者聊天，直到路邊救援公司到來，此后作者和那個(gè)人成為了好朋友?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就在兩年前的一個(gè)晚上，我很晚才開車回家，行駛在一條僻靜偏僻的路上，突然另一輛車以極快的速度向我駛來。A.power權(quán)力；B.effort努力；C.care照料，護(hù)理；D.speed速度。根據(jù)下文“Ihadtomakeasuddenandquicksidewaysmovement”可知，突然另一輛車以極快的速度向作者駛來。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：為了避免撞到它，我不得不突然快速地向旁邊移動(dòng)，結(jié)果我差點(diǎn)撞到一棵樹。A.avoid避免；B.practice練習(xí)；C.risk風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；D.delay推遲。根據(jù)下文“hittingit”可知，作者是避免撞到那輛車。故選A?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我很擔(dān)心，因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)很晚了，周圍又幾乎沒有別的車。A.guilty有罪的；B.ashamed慚愧的；C.anxious焦慮的，擔(dān)心的；D.curious好奇的。根據(jù)下文“therewerehardlyanyothercarsaround”可知，天很晚，周圍又沒有車，所以作者很擔(dān)心。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我打電話給路邊救援公司尋求幫助，他們告訴我一個(gè)半小時(shí)左右就會(huì)有人到。A.phoned打電話；B.recommended推薦；C.blamed責(zé)備；D.examined檢查。根據(jù)下文“theytoldmesomeonewouldbethereinaroundoneandhalfanhour”可知，作者打電話給路邊救援公司尋求幫助。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：大約十五分鐘后，一輛路過的汽車停了下來，一位神情嚴(yán)肅的壯漢從車?yán)镒吡顺鰜?。A.startedup開始；B.brokedown出故障；C.droveoff駕車離去；D.pulledup停下來。根據(jù)下文“astrongmanwithaseriousfacesteppedoutofthecar”可知，一輛路過的汽車停了下來。故選D。【6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他問我是否需要幫助，我告訴他發(fā)生了什么事。A.space空間；B.help幫助；C.care照料，護(hù)理；D.information信息。根據(jù)下文“Itoldhimwhathadhappened”可知，那個(gè)人應(yīng)該是問作者是否需要幫助。故選B。
【7題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他好心地提出在路邊救援人員到來之前陪著我。A.kindly好心地；B.carefully仔細(xì)地；C.eagerly急切地；D.rudely粗魯?shù)?。根?jù)下文“offeredtostaywithme”可知，那個(gè)人好心地提出在路邊救援人員到來之前陪著作者。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在等待的時(shí)候，我們開始聊天，非常合得來。A.took拿走；B.shook搖晃；C.knocked敲；D.hit打，擊。根據(jù)下文“Twoyearson,wehavesharedthejoysandsorrowsoflifetogether”可知，作者和那個(gè)人非常合得來，hititoff是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“合得來”。故選D。【9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析句意：路邊救援人員出現(xiàn)時(shí)，我們已經(jīng)安排好了再次見面。A.travel旅行；B.play玩兒；C.meet見面；D.wait等待。根據(jù)上文“really___8___itoff”和下文“Twoyearson,wehavesharedthejoysandsorrowsoflifetogether”可知，作者和那個(gè)人已經(jīng)安排好了再次見面。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果他是一個(gè)更好的司機(jī)，我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)遇到終身的友誼。A.interest興趣；B.friendship友誼；C.dream夢(mèng)想；D.habit習(xí)慣。根據(jù)上文“Twoyearson,wehavesharedthejoysandsorrowsoflifetogether”可知，此處表示“如果他是一個(gè)更好的司機(jī)，我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)遇到終身的友誼”。故選B。第二節(jié)選詞填空(共10小題;每小題1分，共10分)閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)句意，從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~或詞組并用其正確形式填空。beconsistentwithmotivateurgentreputationapplyoneselftobeenthusiasticaboutapprovalsetouttakeupinteractwith11.Itwasreally______toseesomeonedoingsomerealefforttosavetheforestsandtrees.12.Themost______thinginafireistomakesureeveryoneisoutofthebuilding.13.Ifyouwouldjust______yourschoolwork,youwouldgetmuchbettergrades.14.Shewasagoodlawyerwitha______forhonestyandcarefulwork.15.Youcanbelievewhatthewitnesssaid.Herversionofevents______theevidence.16.Itisjustthreemonthssincewereceivedofficial______togoaheadwiththeproject.17.She______withtheaimofbecomingtheyoungesteverwinnerofthechampionship.
18.Althoughwehavebeentakingclassesonline,wecan______ourteacheroverthephones.19.IknowhowbusyyoumustbeandnaturallyIwouldn’twantto______toomuchofyourtime.20.Ifyou______something,youshowhowmuchyoulikeitbythewaythatyoubehaveandtalk.【答案】11.motivating12.urgent13.applyyourselfto14.reputation15.isconsistentwith16.approval17.setout18.interactwith19.takeup20.areenthusiasticabout【解析】【11題詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：看到有人付出真正努力保護(hù)森林和樹木真是令人歡欣鼓舞。分析句子可知，空格處為表語(yǔ)，motivate“激勵(lì)；使決心做”為動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)使用該詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式motivating，修飾主語(yǔ)It。故填motivating。【12題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：火災(zāi)中最要緊的就是確保將樓里的人全部解救出來。分析句子可知，空格處為thing的定語(yǔ)，urgent“緊迫的；緊急的”是形容詞，符合句意，故選填urgent。【13題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：如果你能專心致志地完成好學(xué)校的課業(yè)，那么你的成績(jī)肯定會(huì)有很大提高。分析句子可知，空格處充當(dāng)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，applyoneselfto“專心于；致力于”為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，從句主語(yǔ)為you，故該短語(yǔ)中的反身代詞使用yourself，符合句意，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞would后用動(dòng)詞原形，故填applyyourselfto?！?4題詳解】考查名詞。句意：作為一名優(yōu)秀的律師，她因誠(chéng)信做人，認(rèn)真做事而在業(yè)內(nèi)很有名。分析句子可知，空格處為介詞with的賓語(yǔ)，reputation“聲名；名譽(yù)”為名詞，符合句意。故填reputation?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞短語(yǔ)。句意：你可以相信那個(gè)證人所說的話。他對(duì)整個(gè)事件的描述與證據(jù)是一致的。beconsistentwith“與……一致的”為形容詞短語(yǔ)，符合句意，主語(yǔ)Herversionofevents為單數(shù)，該句表述現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)，故be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用is，符合句意，故填isconsistentwith。
【16題詳解】考查名詞。句意：從我們得到官方批準(zhǔn)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行這個(gè)項(xiàng)目到現(xiàn)在才三個(gè)月。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞received的賓語(yǔ)，approval“批準(zhǔn)；同意”為名詞，符合句意。故選填approval?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：她一心想成為最年輕的錦標(biāo)賽冠軍。分析句子可知，空格處為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，setout“立志成為；一心想做某事”為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，全句側(cè)重表述過去事實(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用過去式。故填setout?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：盡管我們一直在上網(wǎng)課，但我們還是可以通過手機(jī)與老師互動(dòng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，interactwith“與……互動(dòng)”為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，符合句意,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can后用動(dòng)詞原形，故填interactwith?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：我知道你肯定很忙，因此我也不想占用你太多時(shí)間。分析句子可知，空格處作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞wouldn’twant的賓語(yǔ)，takeup“占據(jù)；占用”為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，符合句意，結(jié)合wanttodo，故填takeup。【20題詳解】考查形容詞短語(yǔ)。句意：如果你對(duì)某件事充滿熱情，你會(huì)通過言行表現(xiàn)出來你熱愛。分析句子可知，beenthusiasticabout“對(duì)……熱愛的；對(duì)……充滿熱情的”為形容詞短語(yǔ)，符合題意，且全句表述一般性事實(shí)，從句主語(yǔ)為you，be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用are，符合句意。故填areenthusiasticabout。第三節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題;每小題1分，共10分)閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。21.Shesaidshedidn’tcareaboutit,butIbelieveshewas_________(secret)delighted.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】secretly【解析】【詳解】考查副詞。句意：她說她不在乎，但我相信她私底下很高興?？崭裉幮揎椥稳菰~delighted，要用副詞secretly，意為“暗自感覺地，私底下地”。故填secretly。22.AshewatchedtheTVplay,hesuddenlyrealizedthathe_________(see)itbefore.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】hadseen【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)他看這部電視劇時(shí)，他突然意識(shí)到之前就看過了。根據(jù)句意及句中時(shí)間副詞before可知，see發(fā)生在watched和realized之前，屬于“過去的過去”，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。故填hadseen。
23.Shirleyhasa17-year-olddaughter,_________ambitionistobeaphotographer.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】whose【解析】【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意：雪莉有一個(gè)17歲的女兒。這孩子的志向是當(dāng)一名攝影師。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為daughter，關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語(yǔ)，與從句主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成意為“女兒的志向”的所屬關(guān)系，故填whose。24.Pleasedon’tcomeatfourthisafternoon.I_________(have)ameetingthen.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】willbehaving【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：今天下午四點(diǎn)請(qǐng)不要來。那時(shí)我正在開會(huì)。根據(jù)atfourthisafternoon及then可知，此處描述的動(dòng)作是將來正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填willbehaving。25.Readingagoodbookislike________(talk)withanadmirableperson.(用適當(dāng)詞填空)【答案】talking【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：讀一本好書，就像和一個(gè)令人欽佩的人談話。此處like意為“像”，作介詞，其后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，因此空格處是動(dòng)名詞talking。故填talking。26.Stevenshowedmeroundthetown,_________wasverykindofhim.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】which【解析】【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：Steven帶我參觀了鎮(zhèn)上，他真是太好了。分析可知，空格處引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，此處主語(yǔ)指前面整句話的內(nèi)容，因此空格處用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，故填which。27.Theheavysnow________(fall)forthreedays.Thefieldswereallwhite.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】hadbeenfalling【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：大雪已經(jīng)下了三天了。田野都是白色的。結(jié)合were和forthreedays可知，此處表示“已經(jīng)下了三天”，還會(huì)繼續(xù)下，句子用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填hadbeenfalling。28.Wehavegoteverything_________(prepare)fortheNewYear’spartytomorrow.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】prepared【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：明天新年派對(duì)的大小事宜，我們都已準(zhǔn)備停當(dāng)。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為“get+sth+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”固定搭配，該結(jié)構(gòu)中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作everything的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，且提示詞與賓語(yǔ)everything之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，故填prepared。29.John________(work)hereforovertwentyyearsandheisretiringnextmonth.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】hasbeenworking【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：約翰在這里工作了20多年，下個(gè)月就要退休了。根據(jù)空后forovertwentyyears及heisretiringnextmonth可知，動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還會(huì)延續(xù)到下個(gè)月，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)。故填hasbeenworking。30.China,_________TracyhadtaughtEnglishforseveralyears,impressedherthemost.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】where【解析】【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意：翠西曾在中國(guó)教過幾年英語(yǔ)。這個(gè)國(guó)家給她留下了特別深的印象。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為China，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故填where。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AIfyouwouldliketoshareyourknowledgeaboutlifeatMonashandmakeapositiveimpactonothers,becominganeducationpeermentor(導(dǎo)師)istheperfectchoiceforyou.WhatarethebenefitsofEducationPeerMentoring?Receivepriorityaccesstoprofessionaldevelopmentopportunities.Joinourcommunityofhigh-achievingMonashstudents.Developyourleadership,communicationandteamworkskills.MeetandnetworkwithseniorMonashstaffandlike-mindedstudentleaders.RecordthisexperienceonyourAustralianHigherEducationGraduateStatement.Gainrichexperienceforyourresume(簡(jiǎn)歷).Whocanapply?YouhaveadesiretohelpnewstudentsgetstartedandsucceedatMonash.
Youarewillingtotalkaboutyourownuniversityexperience.Youshouldhavestronginterpersonalandcommunicationskills.Youhavetheabilitytoworkwithavarietyofpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds,Whataretherequirements?YoumustbeastudentatanAustraliancampusforpart-timeorfull-timelearning.Youmustbeatleastinyoursecondyearofstudyorabove.Youshouldbeabletocommittosupportingupto20freshstudentsthroughpersonalinteractions.Youshouldbeabletocommitatleast20hoursvolunteeringthroughouttheprograminonesemester.Howtoapply?Asanewpeermentor,sendawrittenapplicationthroughthenewmentorapplicationbutton.Asacurrentpeermentorapplyingforthispositionagain,sendawrittenapplicationthroughthereturningmentorapplicationbutton.Onceyou’veapplied,we’llbeintouchtoletyouknowtheoutcomeofyourapplication.ImportantDatesMentorapplicationsopen9January2023Mentorapplicationsclose10February2023ProgramstartsApril202331.WhatdoapplicantsgainfromEducationPeerMentoring?A.Theycangainrichlifeexperience.B.Theycanhavepriorityaccesstovariedjobs.C.Theycanbecomeseniorcommunityteamleaders.D.Theycannetworkwithotherlike-mindedstudentleaders,32.Accordingtothispassage,applicantsarerequiredto.A.beintheirfirstyearofstudyoraboveB.haveadesiretocommunicateandhelpotherstudentsC.finishupto20hoursvolunteeringthroughouttheprogramD.shareuniversityexperiencewithpeoplefromthesamebackground33.Whatshouldapplicantsdotogettheposition?
A.ContacttheschoolforapplicationresultsB.Sendwrittenapplicationsafterprogramstarts.C.Preparewrittenapplicationstoapplyfortheprogram.D.Handinapplicationsonlythroughthenewmentorapplicationbutton.【答案】31.D32.B33.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了Monash大學(xué)推出的友伴同行導(dǎo)師招聘活動(dòng)的有關(guān)事宜，包括招聘條件、申請(qǐng)方式以及參加活動(dòng)的益處等信息。【31題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“WhatarethebenefitsofEducationPeerMentoring?”下第四個(gè)分點(diǎn)語(yǔ)句“MeetandnetworkwithseniorMonashstaffandlike-mindedstudentleaders.(在這里你可以與莫納什大學(xué)的高級(jí)職員和志同道合的學(xué)生領(lǐng)袖會(huì)面并建立社交網(wǎng))”可知，友伴同行導(dǎo)師可以讓申請(qǐng)人與其他志同道合的學(xué)生領(lǐng)袖建立聯(lián)系，。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whataretherequirements?”下第四個(gè)分點(diǎn)語(yǔ)句“Youshouldbeabletocommitatleast20hoursvolunteeringthroughouttheprograminonesemester.(你需要在一個(gè)學(xué)期的活動(dòng)持續(xù)時(shí)間內(nèi)完成至少20個(gè)小時(shí)的志愿服務(wù))”可知，申請(qǐng)人需要在一個(gè)學(xué)期之內(nèi)完成至少20個(gè)小時(shí)的志愿服務(wù)任務(wù)。故排除C選項(xiàng)；但可以推知，申請(qǐng)者需要樂于助人。故選B。根據(jù)“Youmustbeatleastinyoursecondyearofstudyorabove”可知A錯(cuò)誤，.故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Howtoapply?”下第一個(gè)分點(diǎn)語(yǔ)句“Asanewpeermentor,sendawrittenapplicationthroughthenewmentorapplicationbutton.(作為新的同行導(dǎo)師，通過新導(dǎo)師應(yīng)用程序按鈕發(fā)送書面申請(qǐng))”和第二個(gè)分點(diǎn)語(yǔ)句“Asacurrentpeermentorapplyingforthispositionagain,sendawrittenapplicationthroughthereturningmentorapplicationbutton.(作為當(dāng)前的同行導(dǎo)師再次申請(qǐng)?jiān)撀毼?，?qǐng)通過回歸導(dǎo)師申請(qǐng)按鈕發(fā)送書面申請(qǐng))”可推知，無論你是第一次申請(qǐng)同行導(dǎo)師還是以現(xiàn)任同行導(dǎo)師的身份再次申請(qǐng)，都需要準(zhǔn)備好書面申請(qǐng)材料。故選C項(xiàng)。BTheshiftfromadolescence(青春期)toadulthoodcanbehardandoftenfilledwithhardshipandlessonslearned,especiallyforyoungpeopleexperiencinghomelessness.Frankie,ayoungwomanwhofeelsluckytohavehadthecaringsupportfromherdadFrankie’sdadraisedher,andtheywereveryclose.Whenhesuddenlypassedawaytwoyearsago,Frankiedidn’tknowhowshewould
survive.Withnofamilyorrelativestotakeherin,shefellintoadepression.Shebouncedfromhometohome,losingtrustshe’devergainstability.OneFridayafternoon,Frankiesatataparkbenchoutsideofschool.Asshewasworryingaboutwhereshewasgoingtolive,shesuddenlyrememberedsomethingherdadwouldtellherwhenshewaslittle.“Don’tevergiveup,”saidFrankie.“Ifdadwerehere,hewouldtellmethat.”ThosewordsencouragedhertoseekhelpfromNoel,aYouthCarecasemanager,whohelpedherfindaccommodationatCatalyst,oneofYouthCare’scommunitylivingprograms,YouthCareprovidedapathbacktostability.Frankiewasthankfultohavearoutine:dishwashingsafterdinner,weeklygamenights,andcheck-inswithamentalhealthdoctoreveryThursday.AtCatalyst,Frankiereceivedconsistentsupportandfoundadditionalresourcesforhermentalhealthcare.OutsideofherThursdayappointments,sheparticipatedinweeklyhomeworkassignmentsfocusedonwell-beingandgoal-settingforthefuture.NoelshowedgreatsurpriseatFrankie’spositivechangeswitheachpassingday.SheearnedherGED,anditwasn’tlongbeforeshebegansearchingforherfirstjob.WiththehelpofNoel,Frankieappliedforahandfulofpositionsinhealthorfitness.Frankiejumpedwithexcitementwhenshereceivedaninterviewcallforafrontdeskpositionatalocalgym!Dressedingreen,herdad’sfavoritecolor,Frankieenteredherinterviewwithconfidence.NoelsmiledveryhappilywhenFrankiereceivedasecondcalllaterthatdaywithnewsthatshegotthejob.ToomanyyoungpeoplecometoYouthCarewiththeirownstory.Eachofthemdeservesapathbacktostabilityastablehome,consistentsupport,andaccesstotreatmentservicesnecessarytobecomewell.LikeFrankie,theycanimaginenewpossibilitiesandchangethecourseoftheirownstorythroughencouragementandtreatment.34.WhatwasthemaincauseforFrankie’sdepression?A.Herdesiretogetajob.B.Herfearofhomelessness.C.Herlessonsofadolescence.D.Herinabilitytodealwithrelatives.35.HowdidYouthCareinfluenceFrankie?A.Sherealizedthevalueoffamilyaffection.B.Shehadastablelifetoachieveherpotential.C.Shelearnedtheimportanceofinterviewconfidence.D.Shebuiltuphercouragetobeamentalhealthdoctor.36.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Frankie’sJobHuntinginFitnessB.TheFriendshipbetweenFrankieandNoel
C.FindingtheSupportNeededtoMoveForwardD.LookingforReliableRelativestotheHomeless【答案】34.B35.B36.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章通過寫Frankie在YouthCare的經(jīng)歷，講述了我們要學(xué)會(huì)找到前進(jìn)所需的支持?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Withnofamilyorrelativestotakeherin,shefellintoadepression.(由于沒有家人或親戚收留她，她得了抑郁癥)”可知，F(xiàn)rankie對(duì)無家可歸的恐懼是她抑郁的主要原因。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第五段中“YouthCareprovidedapathbacktostability.Frankiewasthankfultohavearoutine:dishwashingsafterdinner,weeklygamenights,andcheck-inswithamentalhealthdoctoreveryThursday.AtCatalyst,Frankiereceivedconsistentsupportandfoundadditionalresourcesforhermentalhealthcare.OutsideofherThursdayappointments,sheparticipatedinweeklyhomeworkassignmentsfocusedonwell-beingandgoal-settingforthefuture.(YouthCare提供了一條回歸穩(wěn)定的道路。Frankie很感激自己有一個(gè)常規(guī)：晚飯后洗碗，每周比賽之夜，每周四去心理健康醫(yī)生那里檢查。在Catalyst，F(xiàn)rankie得到了持續(xù)的支持，并為她的心理健康護(hù)理找到了額外的資源。除了周四的約會(huì)之外，她還參加了每周的家庭作業(yè)，重點(diǎn)是幸福感和未來的目標(biāo)設(shè)定)”可知，YouthCare幫助Frankie擁有了穩(wěn)定的生活，實(shí)現(xiàn)她的潛力。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文和最后一段“Eachofthemdeservesapathbacktostabilityastablehome,consistentsupport,andaccesstotreatmentservicesnecessarytobecomewell.(他們每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該有一條回歸穩(wěn)定的道路，一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的家，始終如一的支持，以及獲得康復(fù)所需的治療服務(wù))”可知，文章通過寫Frankie在YouthCare的經(jīng)歷，講述了我們要學(xué)會(huì)找到前進(jìn)所需的支持。由此可知，F(xiàn)indingtheSupportNeededtoMoveForward(找到前進(jìn)所需的支持)適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。CDogsgreetotherdogs’nosesfirst,sniffing(嗅)eachotherfromheadtotail.Peoplearenotsoopenabouttheprocessofsniffing,butsmellisimportantinhumanrelations,too.Thereisalsoevidencethathumanscaninferrelationshipandemotionalstatesandevendiscoverdiseasethroughsmell.Now,InbalRavreby,KobiSnitzandNoamSobeloftheWeizmannInstituteofSciencehavegoneastepfurther.AstheyreportinScienceAdvances,thethreeresearchersstartedtheirfirstexperimentbytestingthesmellsof20
pairsoffamiliarandsame-sexfriends.Theyemployedanelectronicnose(e-nose)andtwogroupsofhuman“smellers”.Thee-noseusedasetofgassensorstoassessT-shirtswornbyparticipants.Onegroupofhumansmellersweregivenpairsoftheseshirtsandaskedtoratehowsimilartheysmelt.ThoseintheothergroupwereaskedtoratethesmellsofindividualT-shirtsonfivedimensions(維度):pleasantness,intensity,attractiveness,competenceandwarmth.Bothapproachesproducedthesameresult.TheT-shirtsoffriendssmeltmoresimilartoeachotherthandidtheT-shirtsofstrangers.Doesfriendshipcausesimilarityofsmell,ordoessimilarityofsmellcausefriendship?Thethreeresearchersinvestigatedwhethertherewerepositiveinteractionsbetweenstrangersbyusingthee-nosemeasurement.Theycollectedthesmellsofanother17volunteerswithe-nose,andthenaskedtheparticipantstoplayamirroringgame.Thatgameinvolvedsilentlymirroringanotherindividual’shandmovements,Participantswerepairedupbychanceandtheirreactionswererecorded.Aftereachinteraction,theydemonstratedhowclosetheyfelttotheirfellowgamerbyoverlappingtwocircles(onerepresentingthemselves,theothertheirpartner).Themoresimilarthetwoelectronicsmellsignatureswere,thegreatertheoverlap.Participantsalsoratedthequalityoftheirinteractioninthegamealong12dimensionsoffeelingsthatdefinefriendship,Similarsmellswereconsistentwithpositiveratingsfornineofthesedimensions.However,twoparticipantssmellingalikedidnotmeantheywereanymoreaccurateatthemirroringgamethanothers.Whysmellmightplayaroleinformingfriendshipsremainsobscure.Otherqualitiesrelatedtobeingfriends,includingage,appearance,andeducation,areeitherimmediatelyobviousorrapidlybecomeso.Butwhilesomeindividualshavestrongbodysmell,manydonot.Itispresent.Butitissubliminal(潛意識(shí)的).DrRavrebyguessesthattheremaybe“anevolutionaryadvantageinhavingfriendsthataregeneticallysimilartous”.Bodysmellisknowntobelinkedwithgeneticmake-up.Smellingsimilartoothersmaythusallowsubliminalinferencesaboutgeneticsimilaritytobedrawn.37.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstexperiment?A.Friendssmelllikeoneanother.B.Friendstendtosniffeachother.C.Thesmellcanbejudgedonfivedimensions.D.TheT-shirtsoffriendssmellthesametoeachother.
38.Themirroringgameisdesignedto.A.enrichthedimensionsthatdefinefriendshipB.provestrangerssmellmorealikeafterpositiveinteractionsC.testwhetherstrangerscandevelopfriendshipintheprocessD.exploretherelationshipbetweensimilarityofsmellandfriendship39.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obscure”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?AUnacceptable.B.Unchanged.C.Unclear.D.Unrealistic.40.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A.Bodysmellshaveeffectsongeneticmake-upB.Peoplewhohavesimilarsmellsmayhavesimilargenes.C.Bodysmellsbecomesimilarafterpeoplebecomingfriends.D.Twoparticipantssmellingalikeperformedbetterinthegamethanothers.【答案】37.A38.D39.C40.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是氣味可能在友誼的形成中起作用。【37題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Bothapproachesproducedthesameresult.TheT-shirtsoffriendssmeltmoresimilartoeachotherthandidtheT-shirtsofstrangers.(這兩種方法產(chǎn)生了相同的結(jié)果。朋友們的T恤聞起來比陌生人的T恤更相似。)”可知，我們能從第一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中了解到朋友之間的氣味很像。故選A?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Doesfriendshipcausesimilarityofsmell,ordoessimilarityofsmellcausefriendship?Thethreeresearchersinvestigatedwhethertherewerepositiveinteractionsbetweenstrangersbyusingthee-nosemeasurement.Theycollectedthesmellsofanother17volunteerswithe-nose,andthenaskedtheparticipantstoplayamirroringgame.(是友誼造就了相似的氣味，還是相似的氣味造就了友誼?三位研究人員通過電子鼻測(cè)量來調(diào)查陌生人之間是否有積極的互動(dòng)。他們收集了另外17名有電子鼻的志愿者的氣味，然后讓他們玩一個(gè)鏡像游戲。)”可知，鏡像游戲是為了探索氣味的相似性和友誼之間的關(guān)系。故選D?！?9題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Otherqualitiesrelatedtobeingfriends,includingage,appearance,andeducation,areeitherimmediatelyobviousorrapidlybecomeso.(與成為朋友有關(guān)的其他品質(zhì)，包括年齡、外貌和教育程度，不是馬上就能看出來，就是很快就能看出來。)
”可知，劃線詞所在的句子的意思是“為什么氣味可能在建立友誼中發(fā)揮作用仍然是一個(gè)謎”，也就是為什么氣味可能在建立友誼中發(fā)揮作用是不清楚的，obscure的意思是“不清楚的”，和unclear意思相近，故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“DrRavrebyguessesthattheremaybe“anevolutionaryadvantageinhavingfriendsthataregeneticallysimilartous”.Bodysmellisknowntobelinkedwithgeneticmake-up.Smellingsimilartoothersmaythusallowsubliminalinferencesaboutgeneticsimilaritytobedrawn.(Ravreby博士猜測(cè)，“擁有基因相似的朋友可能是一種進(jìn)化優(yōu)勢(shì)”。眾所周知，體味與基因構(gòu)成有關(guān)。因此，與其他人的氣味相似可能會(huì)讓人們對(duì)基因相似性做出下意識(shí)的推斷。)”可知，我們能從這篇文章中推斷出氣味相似的人可能有相似的基因。故選B。DIhaveafriendwhobirdwatches.Shefeelscomfortablewhenevershe’sdoingit.Ifyouaskherwhyshelikesit,shewillsaythingslike“Well,birdsaretheworld’smostmagicalcreatures.”Ihaveanotherfriendwhoknits.Shelikesitbecauseit’ssatisfying,andhasanastonishinglyimpressiveimpactonpeopleforwhombeingabletoknitglovesisoutofreach.Asaterm,“hobby”hasalwaysbeenofarguablemeaning.Asksomeonewhattheythinkahobbyis,andyou’llgetadictionarydefinitionthattheywillhavejustlookedupontheirphonesand,then,apassionatespeechonalloftheactivitiesthatcanundernocircumstancesbeputintogroupsashobbiesbytheirownhighlyuniqueandinflexiblestandards.Beingonlineisnotahobby,apparently,norislisteningtomusic.Hardlyanyoneknowswhatahobbyis,andthisisparticularlythecasenowthatsomanyofusarespendingourleisuretimeonlinearguingaboutthesesortsofbasicdefinitionswithpeople,asthewriterMaxReadputitinanessay,“towhomtheworldhasbeencreatedagaineverymorning,forwhomeverysettledargumentofmodernitymustberewritten,butthistimewiththeirengagement.”Eventakingthesedifficultiesintoaccount,however,itseemsobviousthatbirdwatchingandknittingareclassichobbies.Theyareenjoyable,involvepracticeandrewardeffort,andtheyaregivenimmediateaccesstoagroupwiththesameinterests.Theyarethesortsofhobbiesadvicecolumnists(專欄作家)haveinmindwhenpeoplewriteinabouttheirimbalancedlives.It’sinteresting,then,thatnotoneofmytwoclearlyhobby-havingfriendswouldadmittothepractice.Theyworriedthattheirhobbies,whichgivethempleasureandkeepthemfarfromtheircomputers,madethemseemliketheyhadtoomuchleisuretimeandtooLewinnerresourcesthatwouldenablethemtonaturallyavoidboredom.Theyarefullypaid-upmembersofsociety,withbusylives,fulfillinginterpersonalrelationshipsand,again,hobbiesthatmakethemhappy.It’sjustthathobbieshaveanundeservedlybadreputation,onemadeworse
bytheInternet,likeeverythingelse.Thebirdwatchersaidtheproblemwithhavingahobbywasthatitmadepeopleseemliketheywerecontributingandlearningnothing.Theknittersaidthatshepersonallyconnectedhobbieswithhavingnofriendsandnoideaofwhatnormalpeopledotohavefun,Actually,theydonotwanttobeseenasmadpeoplewhointentionallygetawayfromthecorrectcourse.Well,Ienjoycertainlightoperas.Iplaymusicformyownamusement.Andyes,Iamanordinarystudent,andthatisnotasignofmadness.41.TheauthormentionstwofriendswithdifferenthobbiesinParagraph1mainlyto.A.explainthedefinitionof“hobby”B.attractthereaders’attentiontohobbiesC.stresstheimportanceofhavingahobbyD.comparetwodifferenttypesofhobbies42.WhatdoestheauthormeanbyquotingMaxReadinParagraph3?A.“Hobby”asatermcanonlybedefinedwithouttheInternet.B.Peopleonlinediscussthedefinitionof“hobby”tochangelives.C.Peoplecreateanewworldbyexpressingtheirideasofhobbiesonline.D.Itishardforonlinepeopletoreachanagreementonthedefinitionof“hobby”.43.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetwofriends’concernsabouttheirhobbies?A.Theyareafraidofbeingseenascrazypeople.B.Theyfeartheirhobbiesarenotimpressiveenough.C.Theyfinditnecessarytosharehobbiestobalancetheirlives.D.Theyrefusetosharetheirfeelingsabouttheirhobbieswithmadpeople.44.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthelastparagraph?A.Hobbiesaregreatforpeople’smentalhealth.B.Differentpeoplehavetheirownstandardsofhobbies.C.Itisreasonableandnormalforpeopletohavehobbies.
D.Peoplewhosufferfrommadnesscanalsohavehobbies.【答案】41.B42.D43.A44.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇議論文。一直以來，對(duì)于“愛好”的定義眾說紛紜，并無定論。作者認(rèn)為只要是能自?shī)首詷罚呐聯(lián)碛幸恍┬”娏眍惖膼酆?，也是正常合理的?！?1題詳解】目的意圖題。根據(jù)第二段“Asaterm,“hobby”hasalwaysbeenofarguablemeaning.(一直以來，愛好都是一個(gè)頗具爭(zhēng)議的話題)”可知，作者于第一段中講述了喜歡編織和賞鳥的兩位朋友的生活故事，以此引起讀者對(duì)“愛好”這個(gè)話題的關(guān)注，故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Hardlyanyoneknowswhatahobbyis,andthisisparticularlythecasenowthatsomanyofusarespendingourleisuretimeonlinearguingaboutthesesortsofbasicdefinitionswithpeople,(幾乎沒人知道愛好是什么，尤其是現(xiàn)在我們很多人都把閑暇時(shí)間花在網(wǎng)上和別人爭(zhēng)論這些基本的定義上)”可知，MaxRead的引言表明在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上人們對(duì)愛好的基本定義看法不一，爭(zhēng)論不斷，故選D項(xiàng)。【43題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Actually,theydonotwanttobeseenasmadpeoplewhointentionallygetawayfromthecorrectcourse.(事實(shí)上，他們不想被看作是刻意偏離正確路線的瘋子)”可知，這兩位朋友不愿將自己私下的愛好為旁人所知，是因?yàn)樗麄兒ε卤灰暈椴蛔邔こＢ返漠愵惢虔傋樱蔬xA項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】段落意圖題。根據(jù)最后一段“Well,Ienjoycertainlightoperas.Iplaymusicformyownamusement.Andyes,Iamanordinarystudent,andthatisnotasignofmadness.(嗯，我喜歡一些輕歌劇。我演奏音樂是為了自?shī)首詷贰Ｊ堑?，我是一個(gè)普通的學(xué)生，這并不是發(fā)瘋的表現(xiàn))”可知，作者認(rèn)為擁有一些愛好，自?shī)首詷罚轲B(yǎng)性，是再正常合理不過的事情了，故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Inprinciple,itsoundssimple:eatlessandmovemore.____45____Yet,despiteallthecaloriecounting,dietingandexercising,worldwideobesity(肥胖)ratesjustkeepspeedingup.PeopleintheUSwereheavierin2021thantheywerein2020,placingmanymorepeopleatriskfromseriousdiseases.Sowhyhasn’tthisapproachtoweightcontrolworked?Onepossibilityisthatwehaven’ttriedhardenough.____46____Orperhapstheproblemisthefocuson“caloriebalance”itself.Inarecentpaper,mycolleaguesandI
questionthebasicassumptionofwhethertakinginmorecaloriesthanyouburnreallyisthechiefcauseofobesity.Wearguethattheevidenceactuallypointstheotherway:wearedriventoovereatbecausewearegettingfatter.____47____Astheirgrowthratespeedsup,teenagersmayeathundredsofcaloriesmoreeachdaythantheyusedto.Doesthis“overeating”causetherapidgrowth?Ordoestherapidgrowth,whichrequiresmorecaloriestobuildnewbodytissues,maketeenagershungriersotheyeatmore?Clearlythelatter,asadultswon’tgrowtaller,nomatterhowmuchtheyeat.Thekeytohowthisworksinobesityishormones(激素),especiallythefat-storagehormone.Processed,rapidlydigestiblehigh-carbonfoodslikepotatochipsandsugarydrinksraiseourhormoneleveltoohigh.____48____Afewhoursaftereatingahigh-carbonmeal,thenumberofcaloriesinthebloodstreamfallsrapidly,sowegethungriersooneraftereating.Therefore,inordertopreventandtreatweightproblems,theemphasisshouldbeplacedonwhattoeatinsteadofhowmuchweeat.Replacingprocessedhigh-carbonfoodswithhigh-fatfoods-suchasnuts-lowersthehormoneobtainablefortherestofthebody.____49____Althoughmuchmoreresearchwillbeneededtotestthisidea,itistimetoquestionthebasicassumptionsaboutcauseandeffect,caloriesandweightgainthathavedominatedourthinkingfordecades.A.Weightcontrolbecomesabattlebetweendietingandexercising.B.Thismayseemincrediblebutconsidertherapidgrowthofteenagers.C.Thedietaryadvicefordealingwithobesityhasbeenaroundfordecades.D.Wehavelackedwillpowertomaintainhealthydietaryandexercisehabits.E.Alow-caloriedietfurtherrestrictsanalreadylimitedsupplyofenergytothebody.F.Thiscausesourfatcellstostoretoomanycalories,leavingfewerfortherestofthebody.G.Infact,high-fatfoodsmayhelpdecreasebodyfat,apossibilitysupportedbymedicalpractices.【答案】45.C46.D47.B48.F49.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是造成肥胖的原因?！?5題詳解】空前說“Inprinciple,itsoundssimple:eatlessandmovemore.(原則上，這聽起來很簡(jiǎn)單：少吃多動(dòng)。)”，這是一條建議，空格處要對(duì)這條建議做出評(píng)論，C選項(xiàng)“Thedietaryadvicefordealingwithobesityhasbeenaroundfordecades.(應(yīng)對(duì)肥胖的這條飲食建議已經(jīng)存在了幾十年。)”是對(duì)空前所說建議的評(píng)論，因此承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境，故選C?！?6題詳解】
空前說“Sowhyhasn’tthisapproachtoweightcontrolworked?Onepossibilityisthatwehaven’ttriedhardenough.(那么，為什么這種控制體重的方法沒有奏效呢？一種可能是我們還不夠努力。)”，空后說“Orperhapstheproblemisthefocuson“caloriebalance”itself.(或許問題出在“卡路里平衡”本身。)”，空格處應(yīng)該說明這種控制體重的方法沒有奏效的原因，而且和空前的“我們還不夠努力”有關(guān)，D選項(xiàng)“Wehavelackedwillpowertomaintainhealthydietaryandexercisehabits.(我們?nèi)狈σ庵玖肀３纸】档娘嬍澈湾憻捔?xí)慣。)”解釋了這種控制體重的方法沒有奏效的原因，“缺乏意志力”和空前的“我們還不夠努力”相對(duì)應(yīng)，因此D選項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。【47題詳解】空前說“Wearguethattheevidenceactuallypointstheotherway:wearedriventoovereatbecausewearegettingfatter.(我們認(rèn)為，事實(shí)恰恰相反：我們被迫吃得過多，是因?yàn)槲覀冊(cè)絹碓脚帧?”，空后說“Astheirgrowthratespeedsup,teenagersmayeathundredsofcaloriesmoreeachdaythantheyusedto.(隨著生長(zhǎng)速度的加快，青少年每天可能會(huì)比過去多攝入數(shù)百卡路里。)”，空格處應(yīng)該對(duì)空前所說的事實(shí)做出評(píng)價(jià)，而且要提到青少年的生長(zhǎng)，B選項(xiàng)“Thismayseemincrediblebutconsidertherapidgrowthofteenagers.(這似乎難以置信，但考慮到青少年的快速成長(zhǎng)。)”中前半句是對(duì)空前內(nèi)容的評(píng)價(jià)，后半句中的“therapidgrowthofteenagers”和空后的“theirgrowthratespeedsup”相對(duì)應(yīng)，因此承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。【48題詳解】空前說“Processed,rapidlydigestiblehigh-carbonfoodslikepotatochipsandsugarydrinksraiseourhormoneleveltoohigh.(加工過的、易消化的高碳食物，如薯片和含糖飲料，會(huì)使我們的激素水平過高。)”，空后說“Afewhoursaftereatingahigh-carbonmeal,thenumberofcaloriesinthebloodstreamfallsrapidly,sowegethungriersooneraftereating.(在吃完高碳餐幾個(gè)小時(shí)后，血液中的卡路里含量迅速下降，所以我們?cè)诔酝觑埡蠛芸炀蜁?huì)感到餓。)”，空格處要講明吃加工過的、易消化的高碳食物使我們的激素水平過高后所造成的進(jìn)一步結(jié)果，而且還要提到有的地方的卡路里含量下降，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Thiscausesourfatcellstostoretoomanycalories,leavingfewerfortherestofthebody.(這導(dǎo)致我們的脂肪細(xì)胞儲(chǔ)存了太多的卡路里，留給身體其他部分的熱量就更少了。)”說明了高碳食物造成的結(jié)果，且說明了除脂肪細(xì)胞以外的身體其他部分的熱量減少，和空后的“血液中的卡路里含量迅速下降”相呼應(yīng)，因此F選項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境，故選F?！?9題詳解】空前說“Replacingprocessedhigh-carbonfoodswithhigh-fatfoods-suchasnuts-lowersthehormoneobtainablefortherestofthebody.(用高脂肪的食物代替加工過的高碳食物，比如堅(jiān)果，會(huì)降低身體其他部位的激素含量。)”，空格處應(yīng)解釋為什么會(huì)這樣，G選項(xiàng)“Infact,high-fatfoodsmayhelpdecreasebodyfat,apossibilitysupportedbymedical
practices.(事實(shí)上，高脂肪食物可能有助于減少體脂，這一可能性得到了醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)踐的支持。)”說明了用高脂肪的食物代替加工過的高碳食物的原因，其中的“high-fatfoods”和空前的“high-fatfoods”相一致，因此G選項(xiàng)承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。第三部分書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題;第50、51題各2分，第52題3分，第53題5分，共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。SleepinDifferentCulturesItisapparentthattherearesignificantdifferencesinsleeppatternsindifferentpartsoftheworld,andthatsleeppatternshavealsochangedovertime.Traditions,culturalvalues,localconditionsandenvironmentsallinfluencesleeppatterns.Onemajorsourceofthesedifferencesisthewidespreaduseofartificial(人造的)light,whichhasledtochangesinthesleeppatternsintheindustrializedworld.Itisthoughtthattodaywesleepseveralhourslessthanbeforeindustrialization.Artificiallighthasencouragedpeopletogotobedlaterandtosleepthewholenightthrough(MonophasicSleep),ratherthanthemorebrokenupandflexiblesleeppatterns(BiphasicSleep).Duringthelongnightsofthewintermonths,ourancestorsusedtobreaksleepupintotwoormoreparts,separatedbyanhourortwoofquietrestfulness.Evenwithinthedevelopedworld,therearestillsignificantdifferencesinsleeppatterns.Astudycarriedoutintencountriesin2002showedsomeoftheseregionalvariations.Forinstance,theresultsofsleepingtimeatnightfromindividualcountriesvariedfrom6hours53minutesinJapanto8hours24minutesinPortugal.Over42%ofBrazilianstookregularafternoonnaps(shortsleeps),comparedtoonly12%ofJapanesepeople.Adaytimenapisacommonhabitamongadultsinmanycountries.Spain,inparticular,hasraisedthenapalmosttothelevelofanartform.TheexperienceofJapanisaclearexampleofthewayaculturechangecanaffectsleeppatterns.Inthe1950s,Japanwaskeentorebuild.Japaneseworkerswereencouragedtowakeearlyandfinishlateaswell.Thework-placenapwasencouragedasawayforaworkertoincreaseproductivity,eventhoughinfactitprobablydegradedthequalityofnight-timesleepevenmore.Today,sleepisperhapsmoreundervaluedinJapanthananywhereelse.Itisclear,then,thatthereareculturalandhistoricaldifferencesinoursleeppatterns.Yettheonethingthatstaysthesameacrossallculturesistheonetruthaboutsleeping:Wealldoit!50.Whataffectsthesleeppatterns?________________________________________________________51.WhatisBiphasicSleep?________________________________________________________
52.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.?Thework-placenapwasencouragedandinfactitprobablyincreasesthequalityofnight-timesleepevenmore.________________________________________________________53.Amongthesleeppatternsindifferentcountriesmentionedinthepassage,whichonedoyoulikemostandwhy?(Inabout40words)________________________________________________________【答案】50.Sleeppatternsareaffectedbytraditions,culturalvalues,localconditionsaswellasenvironments.51.BiphasicSleepisauniquesleeppatterninwhichpeople’ssleeptimeismoreseparatedbybreaksandflexible.52.Thework-placenapwasencouragedandinfactitprobablyincreasesthequalityofnight-timesleepevenmore.Becausethework-placenapdegradesratherthanpromotesthenight-timequality.53.IfavorthesleeppatterninPortugalmost.Ithasbeenacknowledgedthatthelackofsleepislikelytocontributetoaseriesofhealthproblems.Onthecontrary,atleast7hours’sleepensuresthatyouareenergeticthenextwholeday.【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了文化傳統(tǒng)、價(jià)值觀和生活環(huán)境等因素造就了世界各地人們多樣化的睡眠模式。由于人造光源的發(fā)明使用，如今人們大多有晚睡和睡眠時(shí)間減少的顯著趨勢(shì)。午睡也越來越成為現(xiàn)代人特別重視的生活習(xí)慣?！?0題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段“Traditions,culturalvalues,localconditionsandenvironmentsallinfluencesleeppatterns.(傳統(tǒng)、文化價(jià)值觀、當(dāng)?shù)貤l件和環(huán)境都會(huì)影響睡眠模式)”可知，一個(gè)國(guó)家特有的文化傳統(tǒng)、價(jià)值觀、生活條件以及周邊環(huán)境都會(huì)影響睡眠模式的形成，故答案為Sleeppatternsareaffectedbytraditions,culturalvalues,localconditionsaswellasenvironments.【51題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段“Artificiallighthasencouragedpeopletogotobedlaterandtosleepthewholenightthrough(MonophasicSleep),ratherthanthemorebrokenupandflexiblesleeppatterns(BiphasicSleep),(人造光鼓勵(lì)人們晚睡，并且整晚都睡(單相睡眠)，而不是更分散和靈活的睡眠模式(雙相睡眠))”可知，BiphasicSleep指的是一種非連續(xù)性的、更為靈活的睡眠方式。故答案為BiphasicSleepisauniquesleeppatterninwhichpeople’ssleeptimeismoreseparatedbybreaksandflexible.【52題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段“Thework-placenapwasencouragedasawayforaworkertoincrease
productivity,eventhoughinfactitprobablydegradedthequalityofnight-timesleepevenmore.(人們鼓勵(lì)在工作場(chǎng)所午睡，認(rèn)為這是提高工作效率的一種方式，盡管事實(shí)上它可能會(huì)進(jìn)一步降低夜間睡眠質(zhì)量)”可知，工作場(chǎng)所午睡可能會(huì)降低夜間睡眠質(zhì)量，并非進(jìn)一步提升。故答案為Thework-placenapwasencouragedandinfactitprobablyincreasesthequalityofnight-timesleepevenmore.Becausethework-placenapdegradesratherthanpromotesthenight-timequality.【53題詳解】開放性試題，言之有理即可。IfavorthesleeppatterninPortugalmost.Ithasbeenacknowledgedthatthelackofsleepislikelytocontributetoaseriesofhealthproblems.Onthecontrary,atleast7hours’sleepensuresthatyouareenergeticthenextwholeday.第二節(jié)(20分)54.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高二（1）班學(xué)生李華。作為班長(zhǎng)，你打算邀請(qǐng)外教Mr.Jenson為你們班做關(guān)于英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)表達(dá)的線上講座。請(qǐng)你用英文給他寫一封電子郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1．講座的具體內(nèi)容并說明理由；2．講座時(shí)間和其他相關(guān)事項(xiàng)。注意：1．詞數(shù)100左右；2．開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearMrJenson,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua【答案】DearMr.Jenson,How’severything?I’mwritingtoinviteyoutogiveusanonlinelectureonoralEnglishexpression.Ourclassmatesseemtobeweakinpronunciation.Wouldyoupleasegiveussomesuggestionsonhowtoorganizelanguage,howtospeakoutourideas,andhowtocommunicatewithothers?Thetalkwilllastaboutanhour,andyoucandecideonadateatyourconvenience.Pleaseletmeknowwhichplatformyou’lluse.Itwouldbegreatifwecouldhavea10-minutequestionandanswersessionattheendofyourlecture.
Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely,LiHua【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文，要求考生給外教Mr.Jenson寫封郵件，邀請(qǐng)他為你們班做關(guān)于英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)表達(dá)的線上講座，內(nèi)容包括：1．講座的具體內(nèi)容并說明理由；2．講座時(shí)間和其他相關(guān)事項(xiàng)?！驹斀狻?.詞匯積累講座：lecture→seminar建議：suggestion→advice決定：decide→determine不擅長(zhǎng)：beweakin→bebadat2.句式拓展簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句原句：Ourclassmatesseemtobeweakinpronunciation.拓展句：Itseemsthatourclassmatesareweakinpronunciation.【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]Pleaseletmeknowwhichplatformyou’lluse.(運(yùn)用了which引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句)[高分句型2]Itwouldbegreatifwecouldhavea10-minutequestionandanswersessionattheendofyourtalk.(運(yùn)用了if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句)
