資源描述：
《重慶市第八中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高考適應(yīng)性月考卷（五）英語(yǔ)試題 Word版含解析.docx》由會(huì)員上傳分享，免費(fèi)在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫(kù)。
第八中學(xué)2024屆高考適應(yīng)性月考卷(五)英語(yǔ)試題注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必用黑色碳素筆將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)在答題卡上填寫(xiě)清楚。2.每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。在試題卷上作答無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。滿分150分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)注意，聽(tīng)力部分答題時(shí)，請(qǐng)先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。聽(tīng)力部分結(jié)束前，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandowiththeman’sphone?A.Repairit.B.Upgradeit.C.Replaceit.2.WhatdoesJohnwantAmytodo?A.Takethepotoff.B.Switchtolowheat.C.Putthesoupintobowls.3.Whereisthewomanprobablyfrom?A.Britain.B.Peru.C.Mexico.4.Howhighdotheceilingstodayusuallymeasure?A.2.3meters.B.2.7meters.C.3.0meters.5.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Onafarm.B.Athome.C.Inasupermarket.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有2至4個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有5秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題;
聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第6和第7題。6.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Anexhibition.B.Aglassbox.C.Avase.7.Howdoesthemanfindthewoman?A.Knowledgeable.B.Considerate.C.Patient.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第8至第10題。8.Whatdoesthemanthinkofself-helpbooks?A.They’reunappealing.B.They’repractical.C.They’reridiculous.9.Whatisthebookabout?A.Lifeinthecountry.B.Personalexperience.C.Anaturaldisaster.10.What’stherelationshipofthetwospeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Classmates.C.Opponents.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第11至第13題。11.Whatisthechangeofthecat?A.Shebecomesinactive.B.Sheeatsmore.C.Shesleepsbadly.12.Whatisthewoman’ssuggestion?A.Observingthecat’sbelly.B.Givingthecatsomemedicine.C.Stoppingfeedingthecattemporarily.13.Wheremightthemangofirst?A.Ahospital.B.Astore.C.Hishome.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第14至第17題。14.Whatistheman’sopiniononthecitylife?A.It’sconvenient.B.It’sboring.C.It’smessy.15.Whatwouldthewomanprefertodo?A.Chaseagoat.B.Seeaparkshow.C.Haveatruckride.16.Whatisthewildestthingonthesubwayforthewoman?A.Safebelts.
B.Occasionalanimals.C.Irregularperformances.17.Whatwillthespeakersdoafterlunch?A.Paintafence.B.Ridethesubway.C.Singcountrymusic.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第18至第20題。18.Whocantakethelessons?A.A3-year-oldswimlover.BA9-year-olddisabledpupil.C.An18-year-oldswimmer.19.WhatistaughtintheFoundationlessons?A.Skillsatwaterrescue.B.Knowledgeofwatersafety.C.Basicsofswimmingmovements.20.Whatistheprizeforthoserecommendingfriends?A.Reductioninprice.B.Extralessons.C.Freeswimwear.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ADAYTRIPITINERARY(行程)Afterawarmreceptionfromyourtourmanageratyourdedicatedpick-uppointinLondon,settleinyourcomfortablecoachaswesetoffonourjourneytowardsStonehenge.Theworld’smostfamousprehistoricmonumenthasinspiredpeopletostudyandinterpretitforcenturies,yetmanyquestionsremaintobeanswered—aboutwhobuiltit,when,andwhy.AftervisitingStonehenge,wedrivetoWindsorCastle,whichishometoroyaltyand1,000yearsofroyalhistory.Thestunning13-acresiteisthelargestandoldestoccupied,workingcastleintheworld.Therearemanyfamous,must-seemomentswithinthesespectacularroomsinthecastle,likethegrandWaterlooChamberandthemagnificentCrimsonDrawingRoom.Intheearlyevening,wemakeourwaytowardsLondonandproceedtowardsyourrespectivedropoffpointsandbidfarewelltoallfriendsyouhavemadeonthetour.ESSENTIALSTOCARRYWITHYOU
Werecommendyouwearcomfortableclothingandcarryessentialssuchasajacketorjumper,drysnacks,water,tissues,chargers,powerbank,etc.,inyourhandbagasaccesstotheluggageholdisonlypossibleuntilacomfortstoporarrivalatyourdestination.Hotfoodsarenotallowedtobecarriedorconsumedinsidethecoach.PICK-UPPOINTSNameAddressTimesHarrowOutsideMcDonalds,363StationRoad,Harrow,LondonHA12AW07:15HounslowOutsideHounslowWestStation,BathRoad,LondonTW33DH08:00KentonMANTRAHOLIDAYS,296KentonRoad,Harrow,LondonHA38DD07:00ClickheretogothroughthegeneralinformationandTerms&Conditionsbeforebookingandtravelling.1.Howmanytouristspotswilltheparticipantsvisit?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.2.Itisadvisedtoputyouressentialsinthehandbagbecause________.A.theluggageholdisinaccessiblewhenthebusisinmotionB.theyarenotallowedtobecarriedinsidethecoachC.it’sconvenientforyoutoenjoyhotfoodsD.driversarelikelytoaccessthem3.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Ajournal.B.Awebpage.C.Atravelbrochure.D.Amagazine.【答案】1.A2.A3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是應(yīng)用文。詳細(xì)地介紹了從倫敦出發(fā)前往斯通亨奇巨石陣和溫莎城堡的一日游行程，包括景點(diǎn)的介紹、參觀順序、以及游客需要攜帶的物品等?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Afterawarmreceptionfromyourtourmanageratyourdedicatedpick-uppointinLondon,settleinyourcomfortablecoachaswesetoffonourjourneytowardsStonehenge.(在倫敦的專(zhuān)門(mén)接機(jī)點(diǎn)，您的旅游經(jīng)理熱情接待您后，我們將在舒適的大巴上安頓下來(lái)，開(kāi)始前往巨石陣的旅程)”以及第二段“AftervisitingStonehenge,wedrivetoWindsorCastle,whichishometoroyaltyand1,000yearsofroyal
history.(參觀完巨石陣后，我們開(kāi)車(chē)前往溫莎城堡，這里是皇室的家，有著1000年的皇家歷史)”可知，參加者將參觀兩個(gè)旅游景點(diǎn)。故選A項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ESSENTIALSTOCARRYWITHYOU下的“Werecommendyouwearcomfortableclothingandcarryessentialssuchasajacketorjumper,drysnacks,water,tissues,chargers,powerbank,etc.,inyourhandbagasaccesstotheluggageholdisonlypossibleuntilacomfortstoporarrivalatyourdestination.(我們建議您穿舒適的衣服，并在您的手提包中攜帶必需品，如夾克或套頭衫，干零食，水，紙巾，充電器，充電寶等，因?yàn)橹挥性谑孢m的中途停留或到達(dá)目的地時(shí)才能使用行李艙)”可知，建議把你的必需品放在手提包里，因?yàn)楣财?chē)行駛時(shí)，行李艙是無(wú)法接近的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“ClickheretogothroughthegeneralinformationandTerms&Conditionsbeforebookingandtravelling.(在預(yù)訂及旅行前，請(qǐng)按此瀏覽一般資料及條款及條件)”可知，Clickhere只會(huì)出現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)頁(yè)當(dāng)中，所以推知本文來(lái)自一個(gè)網(wǎng)頁(yè)。故選B項(xiàng)。BItallstartedwithasimplequestion:“CanIpaintyourportrait?”O(jiān)nedayinthesummerof2015,Petersonwasrelaxinginhislivingroom,readingthebookLoveDoes,aboutthepowerofloveinaction,whenhisquietwasdisturbedbyahomelessmanoutsidehisapartment.Inspiredbythebook’scompassionatemessage,Petersonmadeadecision;Hewasgoingtogooutsideandintroducehimself.Inthatfirstconversation,Petersonlearnedthattheman’snamewasMattFaris.He’dmovedtoSouthernCaliforniafromKentuckytopursueacareerinmusic,buthesoonfellonhardtimesandendeduplivingonthestreetformorethanadecade.“Isawbeautyonthefaceofamanwhohadn’tshavedinprobablyayear,becausehisstory,thelifeinsideofhim,inspiredme,”P(pán)etersonrecalled.Therefore,PetersonaskedifhecouldpaintFaris’sportrait.Farisagreed.Peterson’sconnectionwithFarisledhimtoformFacesofSantaAna,anonprofitorganizationfocusedonbefriendingandpaintingportraitsofmembersofthecommunitywhoareunhoused.Petersonsellsthepaintingsformoney,splittingtheproceedsandputtinghalfintoa“l(fā)oveaccount”forhismodel.Hethenhelpspeopleusethemoneytogetbackontheirfeet.ManyofPeterson’snewfriendsusethedonationstosecureimmediatenecessities—medicalcare,hotelrooms,food.Farisusedthefundsfromhisportraittorecordanalbum,fulfillinghismusicaldreams.Anothersubject,KimberlySondoval,hadneverbeenabletofinanciallysupportherdaughter.Sheasked,“CanIusethemoneytopaymydaughter’srent?”Whenthecheckwasdelivered,“Theybothweptinmyarms,”P(pán)etersonrecalls.
Petersonhaspainted41oftheseportraitshimself.Butthere’smoretothefinishedproductsthanthemoneytheybringtosomeonewho’sdownandout.He’sdiscoveredthatthebuyerstendtoconnecttothestoryofthepersoninthepainting,findingsimilaritiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonetheymighthaveotherwiseoverlookedorstereotyped.“Peopleoftentellme,‘Iwastheonethatwouldcrossthestreet,butIseehomelesspeopledifferentlynow,’”P(pán)etersonsays.“Ididn’tknowthatwouldhappen.”4.WhatmadePetersonstartaconversation?A.Thecuriosityaboutstrangers.B.ThetouchingstoryofMattFaris.C.Thedisturbancebyahomelessman.D.ThesympatheticmessageinLoveDoes.5.WhatdoweknowaboutFacesofSantaAna?A.Itpaysthehomelesssalaries.B.Itisanofficialnonprofitorganization.C.IttriestorestorethelivesofPeterson’smodels.D.Itspendsallthemoneyonhelpingtheunhoused.6.Afterbuyingaportrait,abuyermightviewthehomelessas________.A.lazyandpoorB.oddbutinspiringC.disturbinganduntidyD.pitifulbutrespectable7.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthistext?A.ArtwithPurpose:LoveAccountMattersB.HopeinPaintings:HelpKnowsNoRaceC.FacesofCompassion:PaintingaNewPerspectiveD.EncounterwithStrangers:EmbracingNewFriends【答案】4.D5.C6.D7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章通過(guò)敘述Peterson與無(wú)家可歸者M(jìn)attFaris的相遇以及后續(xù)創(chuàng)立FacesofSantaAna組織的故事，展示了Peterson如何通過(guò)繪畫(huà)幫助那些生活困難的人，并改變了人們對(duì)待無(wú)家可歸者的態(tài)度?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Onedayinthesummerof2015,Petersonwasrelaxinginhislivingroom,readingthebookLoveDoes,aboutthepowerofloveinaction,whenhisquietwasdisturbedbyahomelessmanoutsidehisapartment.Inspiredbythebook’scompassionatemessage,Petersonmadeadecision;Hewasgoingtogo
outsideandintroducehimself.(2015年夏天的一天，彼得森正在客廳里放松，讀著《愛(ài)的力量》(LoveDoes)這本書(shū)，這本書(shū)講述了愛(ài)在行動(dòng)中的力量，這時(shí)他的安靜被公寓外的一個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的人打破了。受到書(shū)中富有同情心的信息的啟發(fā)，彼得森做出了一個(gè)決定；他要到外面去做自我介紹)”可知，LoveDoes中的同情信息讓彼得森開(kāi)始談話。故選D項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Peterson’sconnectionwithFarisledhimtoformFacesofSantaAna,anonprofitorganizationfocusedonbefriendingandpaintingportraitsofmembersofthecommunitywhoareunhoused.(彼得森與法里斯的聯(lián)系促使他成立了FacesofSantaAna，這是一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織，專(zhuān)注于幫助無(wú)家可歸的社區(qū)成員，并為他們畫(huà)肖像)”可知，F(xiàn)acesofSantaAna是一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織。故選C項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Petersonhaspainted41oftheseportraitshimself.Butthere’smoretothefinishedproductsthanthemoneytheybringtosomeonewho’sdownandout.He’sdiscoveredthatthebuyerstendtoconnecttothestoryofthepersoninthepainting,findingsimilaritiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonetheymighthaveotherwiseoverlookedorstereotyped.(彼得森自己畫(huà)了41幅這樣的肖像。但成品帶給落魄之人的不僅僅是金錢(qián)。他發(fā)現(xiàn)，買(mǎi)家傾向于與畫(huà)中人物的故事聯(lián)系起來(lái)，找到相似之處，往往與他們可能被忽視或刻板印象的人建立友誼)”可知。在買(mǎi)了一幅肖像后，買(mǎi)家之前是忽視無(wú)家可歸的人，現(xiàn)在會(huì)和他們建立友誼，所以會(huì)把無(wú)家可歸者視為可憐但可敬的人。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Peterson’sconnectionwithFarisledhimtoformFacesofSantaAna,anonprofitorganizationfocusedonbefriendingandpaintingportraitsofmembersofthecommunitywhoareunhoused.Petersonsellsthepaintingsformoney,splittingtheproceedsandputtinghalfintoa“l(fā)oveaccount”forhismodel.Hethenhelpspeopleusethemoneytogetbackontheirfeet.(彼得森與法里斯的聯(lián)系促使他成立了FacesofSantaAna，這是一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織，專(zhuān)注于幫助無(wú)家可歸的社區(qū)成員，并為他們畫(huà)肖像。彼得森把這些畫(huà)賣(mài)掉賺錢(qián)，分成一半存入模特的“愛(ài)情賬戶”。然后，他幫助人們用這筆錢(qián)重新站起來(lái))”以及縱觀全文可知，本文主要講述了Peterson如何通過(guò)繪畫(huà)幫助那些生活困難的人，并改變了人們對(duì)待無(wú)家可歸者的態(tài)度，所以C項(xiàng)“FacesofCompassion:PaintingaNewPerspective(同情的面孔：畫(huà)一個(gè)新的視角)”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。CFilmPutsJustifiableDefenseinSpotlightThefilm,Article20,directedbyZhangYimou,drawsitsnamefromArticle20oftheCriminalLaw,whichfocusesonthesometimescontroversiallegalconceptofjustifiabledefense.Drawinginspirationfromreal-lifecases
ofjustifiabledefense,thefilmgainedwidespreadattentionandstruckachordwiththepublicduringtheSpringFestivalholiday.Themoviecallsforadetailedinterpretationoflegaltermsandurgesagainstcompromisingonunlawfulconduct.AccordingtotheCriminalLaw,whenaperson,facedwithanunlawfulattack,takesactiontoprotecthisorherownrightsorinterestsorthoseofothers,andtheattackeristherebyharmed,thedefenderwillbeconsideredtohaveactedinjustifiabledefenseandwillnotbearcriminalresponsibility.Forsometime,justifiabledefensehasbeenregardedasa“dormantclause”(沉寂條款),duetotheinfluenceofmisconceptions,suchas“whoeverisinjuredorkilledisright”.Butthetruemeaningofthelawshouldbetoincreasetheresponsibilityforwrongdoers,ratherthanburdeninggoodpeople.Recentcaseshaveshownthat,forordinarycitizens,justifiabledefenseisnolongerapipedream.Ahigh-profilecaseinKunshan,Jiangsuprovince,in2018servedasawake-upcallandcaughttheattentionofauthoritiesregardingsuchcases.Inthatcase,atrafficargumentledtoamotoristwhotookaknifewithhimconfrontinganotherman.Themotoristwaskilled,andpoliceandjudgesdeterminedthatthedefender’sactionsconstitutedjustifiabledefense.Sincethen,thejustifiabledefenseclausehasbeenappliedinseveralplacesacrossthenation.Theconcernoverjustifiabledefensereflectsthepublic’sdemandforfairness,justice,securityandruleoflaw.LuoXiang,arenownedprofessorofcriminallawatChinaUniversityofPoliticalScienceandLaw,saidinarecentcommentaboutthefilmArticle20thatthepublicandjudgesshouldavoidtakinga“godlike”perspective.Instead,theyshouldconsiderthesituationinwhichthedefenderwasinvolved,empathizewiththedefender’sposition,andstopthemselvesfrommakingexcessivedemandsonthedefender,Luosaid.8.WhydidthefilmArticle20attracttheaudience’sattention?A.ItwasreleasedduringtheSpringFestivalholiday.B.ItisnamedafteronearticleintheCriminalLaw.C.Itexploresreal-lifecasesofjustifiabledefense.D.ItwasdirectedbyZhangYimou.9.AccordingtotheCriminalLaw,thevictimwillbefreefromcriminalresponsibilitywhen________.A.thevictimgaveuphislegalrightsB.therobberkeptsilentabouttherobberyC.therobberwashurtworsethanthevictimD.thevictimknifedthearmedrobbertostoptheongoingcrime10.WhatisthefunctionofthecaseinKunshaninParagraph3?
A.Makingcomparisons.B.Listingreasons.C.Explainingmisconceptions.D.Providingevidence.11.WhatdoesLuoXiangsuggestjudgesdo?A.Takea“godlike”viewpointwiththepublic.B.Putoneselfinthedefender’sshoes.C.Demandmorefromthedefender.D.Sidewiththeattacker.【答案】8.C9.D10.D11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章主要講述電影《第二十條》讓正當(dāng)防衛(wèi)成為焦點(diǎn)。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Drawinginspirationfromreal-lifecasesofjustifiabledefense,thefilmgainedwidespreadattentionandstruckachordwiththepublicduringtheSpringFestivalholiday.(這部電影的靈感來(lái)自真實(shí)的正當(dāng)防衛(wèi)案件，在春節(jié)假期期間引起了公眾的廣泛關(guān)注和共鳴)”可知，電影《第二十條》引起公眾的關(guān)注是因?yàn)樗接懥爽F(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的正當(dāng)防衛(wèi)案例，故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“AccordingtotheCriminalLaw,whenaperson,facedwithanunlawfulattack,takesactiontoprotecthisorherownrightsorinterestsorthoseofothers,andtheattackeristherebyharmed,thedefenderwillbeconsideredtohaveactedinjustifiabledefenseandwillnotbearcriminalresponsibility.(《刑法》規(guī)定，受到非法攻擊時(shí)，為保護(hù)自己或者他人的權(quán)益而采取行動(dòng)，致使攻擊人受到損害的，視為正當(dāng)防衛(wèi)，不承擔(dān)刑事責(zé)任)”可知，根據(jù)《刑法》規(guī)定，受害人為制止正在進(jìn)行的犯罪行為而用刀刺傷持械搶劫犯的，不承擔(dān)刑事責(zé)任，故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。第三段中“Recentcaseshaveshownthat,forordinarycitizens,justifiabledefenseisnolongerapipedream.(最近的案例表明，對(duì)普通公民來(lái)說(shuō)，正當(dāng)防衛(wèi)不再是白日夢(mèng))”提到，對(duì)普通公民來(lái)說(shuō)，正當(dāng)防衛(wèi)不再是白日夢(mèng)，接著下文“Ahigh-profilecaseinKunshan,Jiangsuprovince,in2018servedasawake-upcallandcaughttheattentionofauthoritiesregardingsuchcases.Inthatcase,atrafficargumentledtoamotoristwhotookaknifewithhimconfrontinganotherman.Themotoristwaskilled,andpoliceandjudgesdeterminedthatthedefender’sactionsconstitutedjustifiabledefense.(2018年發(fā)生在江蘇昆山的一起備受關(guān)注的案件敲響了警鐘，引起了有關(guān)部門(mén)對(duì)此類(lèi)案件的關(guān)注。在那起案件中，一場(chǎng)交通糾紛導(dǎo)致一名司機(jī)帶著刀與另一名男子對(duì)峙。駕車(chē)者被殺，警察和法官判定辯護(hù)人的行為構(gòu)成正當(dāng)防衛(wèi))
”提到，昆山反殺案中殺害駕車(chē)者的人被判定是正當(dāng)防衛(wèi)，以此來(lái)支持上文觀點(diǎn)，故本段提到昆山反殺案是為了提供證據(jù)，故選D?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Instead,theyshouldconsiderthesituationinwhichthedefenderwasinvolved,empathizewiththedefender’sposition,andstopthemselvesfrommakingexcessivedemandsonthedefender,Luosaid.(相反，他們應(yīng)該考慮防衛(wèi)者所處的情境，同情防衛(wèi)者的處境，并阻止自己對(duì)防衛(wèi)者提出過(guò)高的要求，羅說(shuō))”可知，羅翔建議法官帶入防衛(wèi)者的角度，設(shè)身處地為他們著想。故選B。DResearchershavediscoveredtheoldestblackholeeverobserved,datingfromthedawnoftheuniverse,andfoundthatitis“eating”itshostgalaxytodeath.Theinternationalteam,ledbytheUniversityofCambridge,usedtheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST)todetecttheblackhole,whichdatesfrom400millionyearsafterthebigbang.Theresults,whichleadauthorProfessorRobertoMaiolinosaysare“agiantleapforward”,arereportedinthejournalNature.Thissurprisinglymassiveblackholeevenexistssoearlyintheuniversechallengesourassumptionsabouthowblackholesformandgrow.Thesizeofthisnewly-discoveredblackholesuggeststhattheymightforminotherways:theymightbe‘bornbig’ortheycaneatmatterataratethat’sfivetimeshigherthanhadbeenthoughtpossible.Likeallblackholes,thisyoungblackholedevoursmaterialfromitshostgalaxytofuelitsgrowth.Accordingtostandardmodels,supermassiveblackholesformfromtheremainsofdeadstars,whichcollapseandmayformablackholeaboutahundredtimesthemassoftheSun.Ifitgrewinanexpectedway,thisnewly-detectedblackholewouldtakeaboutabillionyearstogrowtoitsobservedsize.However,theuniversewasnotyetabillionyearsoldwhenthisblackholewasdetected.Theyounghostgalaxy,calledGN-z11,isacompactgalaxy,aboutonehundredtimessmallerthantheMilkyWay,buttheblackholeislikelyharmingitsdevelopment.Whenblackholesconsumetoomuchgas,itpushesthegasawaylikeanultra-fastwind.This“wind”couldstoptheprocessofstarformation,slowlykillingthegalaxy,butitwillalsokilltheblackholeitself,asitwouldcutofftheblackhole’ssourceof“food”.MaiolinosaysthatthegiganticleapforwardprovidedbyJWSTmakesthisthemostexcitingtimeinhiscareer.“It’sanewera:thegiantleapislikeupgradingfromGalileo’stelescopetoamoderntelescopeovernight,”hesaid.“Theuniversehasbeenquitegenerousinwhatit’sshowingus,andthisisjustthebeginning.”12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“devours”meaninParagraph3?A.Changes.B.Swallows.C.Observes.D.Forms.13.AccordingtoParagraph5,whyisGN-z11likelytobeharmed?A.Becausethehostgalaxyistoosmall.
B.Becausetheblackholeiskillingitself.C.Becausethe“wind”ceasesstarformation.D.Becauseblackholesproducetoomuchgas.14.WhatisMaiolino’sattitudetothenewdiscoveryabouttheblackhole?A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Ambiguous.15.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Theblackholetookabillionyearstoachieveitssize.B.Supermassiveblackholesareassumedtoformovernight.C.Thenewdiscoveryofthehostgalaxyisagiantleapforward.D.Thehostgalaxyandtheblackholecanbedestroyedbythe“wind”.【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章主要講述研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了迄今為止觀測(cè)到的最古老的黑洞，可以追溯到宇宙誕生之初，并發(fā)現(xiàn)它正在“吞噬”它的宿主星系至死?！?2題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段中“andfoundthatitis‘eating’itshostgalaxytodeath(并發(fā)現(xiàn)它正在‘吞噬’它的宿主星系至死)”以及劃線詞前“Likeallblackholes(像所有的黑洞一樣)”可知，最古老的黑洞正在吞噬它的宿主星系至死，由此可知，劃線詞所在句意為“像所有的黑洞一樣，這個(gè)年輕的黑洞正在吞噬來(lái)自宿主星系的物質(zhì)來(lái)促進(jìn)它的成長(zhǎng)”，devours與上文的“eating”同義，意為“吞噬”，故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Whenblackholesconsumetoomuchgas,itpushesthegasawaylikeanultra-fastwind.This‘wind’couldstoptheprocessofstarformation,slowlykillingthegalaxy(當(dāng)黑洞消耗太多氣體時(shí)，它會(huì)像超高速風(fēng)一樣將氣體推開(kāi)。這種‘風(fēng)’可以阻止恒星形成的過(guò)程，慢慢地殺死星系)”可知，黑洞會(huì)損害GN-z11星系，是因?yàn)椤帮L(fēng)”會(huì)阻止恒星的形成，慢慢地殺死星系，故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“MaiolinosaysthatthegiganticleapforwardprovidedbyJWSTmakesthisthemostexcitingtimeinhiscareer.‘It’sanewera:thegiantleapislikeupgradingfromGalileo’stelescopetoamoderntelescopeovernight,’hesaid.(Maiolino說(shuō)，JWST提供的巨大飛躍使這成為他職業(yè)生涯中最激動(dòng)人心的時(shí)刻?！@是一個(gè)新時(shí)代：這次的巨大飛躍就像一夜之間從伽利略的望遠(yuǎn)鏡升級(jí)到現(xiàn)代望遠(yuǎn)鏡，’他說(shuō)。)”可知，Maiolino對(duì)有關(guān)黑洞的新發(fā)現(xiàn)持支持態(tài)度，故選A?！?5題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“This‘wind’couldstoptheprocessofstarformation,slowlykillingthegalaxy,butitwillalsokilltheblackholeitself,asitwouldcutofftheblackhole’ssourceof‘food’.(這種‘風(fēng)’可以阻止恒星形成的過(guò)程，慢慢地殺死星系，但它也會(huì)殺死黑洞本身，因?yàn)樗矔?huì)切斷黑洞的‘食物’來(lái)源。)”可知，宿主星系和黑洞可以被“風(fēng)”摧毀。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。TheFailedNewYear’sResolution:ThreeTipstoGetonTrackJanuaryisofficiallyover,andmanypeoplearetakingstockoftheirprogresstowardsNewYear’sresolutions.Thefactisthatyouprobablyhaven’tkeptupwiththemasmuchasyouhoped.Butthat’snotyourfault.____16____.Ifyoufeellikeyouhavealreadyfailed,herearethreetipsbeforeyouletgo.Practiceself-compassionManypeopletalktothemselvesinharshwayswhenstrugglingwithnewhabits,believingself-criticismwillhelpthemreachtheirgoals.Researchshows,however,thattheoppositeistrue.Self-compassionismoreeffectiveforpersonalimprovement,especiallywhenfacingfailure.____17____,trytobekindandgentlewithyourself,justasyouwouldwithalovedone._____18_____Resolutionsareoftenphrasedasdefinitivegoals.Iwillexercisedaily.Iwillkickdesserts.____19____.Butsettingall-or-nothinggoalscanleadtoall-or-nothingdecisionsthatonegivesupwhenfacedwithchallenges.Incontrast,intentionsfocusmoreonyourvaluesthanspecificactions.Forexample,theresolution“Iwillexercisedaily”maybecomeanintentionof“Iwanttomovemybodybecauseitfeelsgood.”Thisapproachallowsformoreflexibilitywhenunexpectedstressarises.SolveproblemsbyovercomingbarriersIfyouarestrugglingtomaintainyourdesiredhabits,thereareevidence-basedtechniquesavailabletohelpyou.____20____.Thisinvolvesidentifyingthespecificbarriersthatleadtoyourquittingsomethingthatyouwanttodo.Perhapsyoukeepforgettingthenewhabit,orperhapsyoudon’tunderstandhowtodoit.Whateveritis,identifythebarrierandcopewithitspecifically.A.Setall-or-nothinggoalsB.ChangeyourresolutionsintointentionsC.OnesuchskilliscalledmissinglinksanalysisD.SettingspecificbehavioralgoalscanbeeffectiveE.Ifyou’repersuadedtogiveuponyourresolutions
F.Oldhabitstendtodiehard,andnewhabitstendtodieeasyG.Whenyouareupsetaboutyourselffornotkeepingresolutions【答案】16.F17.G18.B19.D20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要圍繞“新年決心失敗”的主題，提出了三個(gè)建議來(lái)幫助人們重新走上正軌。【16題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Januaryisofficiallyover,andmanypeoplearetakingstockoftheirprogresstowardsNewYear’sresolutions.Thefactisthatyouprobablyhaven’tkeptupwiththemasmuchasyouhoped.Butthat’snotyourfault.(一月正式結(jié)束了，許多人都在盤(pán)點(diǎn)自己的新年決心。事實(shí)上，你可能沒(méi)有像你希望的那樣實(shí)現(xiàn)決心。但那不是你的錯(cuò))”可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Oldhabitstendtodiehard,andnewhabitstendtodieeasy(舊習(xí)慣難改，新習(xí)慣易改)”是對(duì)前句說(shuō)的不是你的錯(cuò)的進(jìn)一步解釋。故選F項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Manypeopletalktothemselvesinharshwayswhenstrugglingwithnewhabits,believingself-criticismwillhelpthemreachtheirgoals.Researchshows,however,thattheoppositeistrue.Self-compassionismoreeffectiveforpersonalimprovement,especiallywhenfacingfailure.(很多人在努力養(yǎng)成新習(xí)慣的時(shí)候會(huì)嚴(yán)厲地對(duì)自己說(shuō)，相信自我批評(píng)會(huì)幫助他們實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。然而，研究表明，事實(shí)恰恰相反。自我同情對(duì)個(gè)人進(jìn)步更有效，尤其是在面對(duì)失敗的時(shí)候)”可知，本段講述了自我同情對(duì)個(gè)人進(jìn)步更有效，所以G項(xiàng)“Whenyouareupsetaboutyourselffornotkeepingresolutions(當(dāng)你為自己沒(méi)有遵守決心而心煩意亂時(shí))”符合本段主題，并引出下文“trytobekindandgentlewithyourself,justasyouwouldwithalovedone.(試著善待自己，溫柔地對(duì)待自己，就像對(duì)待你所愛(ài)的人一樣)”。故選G項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】分析設(shè)空，是本段小標(biāo)題，根據(jù)后文“Resolutionsareoftenphrasedasdefinitivegoals.(決心通常被描述為明確的目標(biāo))”可知，本段主題是決心，所以B項(xiàng)“Changeyourresolutionsintointentions(把你的決心變成行動(dòng))”是本段的小標(biāo)題，其中resolutions為同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Iwillexercisedaily.Iwillkickdesserts.(我將每天鍛煉。我不吃甜點(diǎn))”以及后文“Butsettingall-or-nothinggoalscanleadtoall-or-nothingdecisionsthatonegivesupwhenfacedwithchallenges.(但是，設(shè)定孤注一擲的目標(biāo)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致一個(gè)人在面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)放棄孤注一擲的決定)”可知，空處應(yīng)和后文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以D項(xiàng)“Settingspecificbehavioralgoalscanbeeffective(設(shè)定具體的行為目標(biāo)是有效的)”是對(duì)前文的說(shuō)明，并和后文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，符合文意。故選D項(xiàng)。
【20題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Ifyouarestrugglingtomaintainyourdesiredhabits,thereareevidence-basedtechniquesavailabletohelpyou.(如果你正在努力保持你想要的習(xí)慣，有一些基于證據(jù)的技術(shù)可以幫助你)”以及后文“Thisinvolvesidentifyingthespecificbarriersthatleadtoyourquittingsomethingthatyouwanttodo.Perhapsyoukeepforgettingthenewhabit,orperhapsyoudon’tunderstandhowtodoit.Whateveritis,identifythebarrierandcopewithitspecifically.(這包括確定導(dǎo)致你放棄你想做的事情的具體障礙。也許你總是忘記這個(gè)新習(xí)慣，或者你不知道如何去做。無(wú)論它是什么，找出障礙，并有針對(duì)性地解決它)”可知，前文說(shuō)有技術(shù)幫助你，后文講這個(gè)技術(shù)包括了什么，所以空處應(yīng)是初步介紹這個(gè)技術(shù)，C項(xiàng)“Onesuchskilliscalledmissinglinksanalysis(其中一項(xiàng)技能被稱為缺失環(huán)節(jié)分析)”符合文意。故選C項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Mysonaskedmemonthsagoifhecouldswitchfromhismainstreamhighschooltoa____21____school.Atthattime,Iwasunsureandalittle____22____Hewasn’tdoingwellinhisschool,andIknewthebestthingforhimwasto____23____toanotherlearningenvironmenttocompletehisstudy.Butmyhearthurtalittlethathewouldnotwalkthesamegraduation____24____thatIhadwalked,andalsothescenario(設(shè)想)Ihadcreatedwasnolongerbeneficialtohis____25____.Mysonisextremely____26____andhadasmallfriendgroup.Largegroupsarecomplexforhim.Aschoolofover2,500kidscanbedifficultforanyone,letalonemyboywithsocial____27____.Then,wedecidedthevocationalschool(職業(yè)學(xué)校)wasanoptionwiththesamegeneralcurriculum____28____byourstatetograduatehighschool.The____29____hehadalreadyearnedwouldcarryover,andhecouldgraduateearly.Byallowinghimtogothere,wehavewatchedhim____30____!Thedifferenceisastonishing.He____31____friendship,hewasproductiveandparticipatedinalifeskillscoursetohelphimselfwithreal-lifestudies,andhe____32____withhisteachers.Themostsignificantchangewasthathewouldcomehome____33____,enthusiasticabouthisday,andexcitedto____34____howhisdayhadgone.Ashismomma,itisallIneededtoknowthatmysonhaschosenwhatwas____35____forhim.21.
A.compulsoryB.technicalC.unprofessionalD.academic22.A.heartbrokenB.nervousC.angryD.confused23.A.applyB.adaptC.transferD.talk24.A.ceremonyB.momentC.dilemmaD.stage25.A.curriculumB.wellbeingC.friendshipD.decision26.A.baldB.generousC.straightforwardD.shy27.A.anxietyB.conductC.responsibilityD.awareness28.A.studiedB.canceledC.requiredD.banned29.A.creditsB.subjectsC.medalsD.reputations30.A.graduateB.worsenC.thriveD.suffer31.A.formedB.understoodC.abandonedD.remembered32.A.gotawayB.madeupC.linedupD.gotalong33.A.cryingB.murmuringC.complainingD.smiling34.A.oversellB.learnC.shareD.predict35.A.affordableB.suitableC.availableD.sensible【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.B26.D27.A28.C29.A30.C31.A32.D33.D34.C35.B
【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述兒子有社交焦慮，作者將他轉(zhuǎn)去職業(yè)學(xué)校后他改變很大，作者知道自己為兒子選擇了適合他東西。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：幾個(gè)月前，我兒子問(wèn)我他能不能從主流高中轉(zhuǎn)到技術(shù)學(xué)校。A.compulsory強(qiáng)制的；B.technical技術(shù)性的；C.unprofessional非專(zhuān)業(yè)的；D.academic學(xué)術(shù)的。根據(jù)第四段中“wedecidedthevocationalschool(職業(yè)學(xué)校)wasanoption”可知，兒子問(wèn)作者能不能從主流高中轉(zhuǎn)到技術(shù)學(xué)校，故選B?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：那時(shí)候，我很不確定，還有點(diǎn)心碎。A.heartbroken心碎的；B.nervous緊張的；C.angry生氣的；D.confused困惑的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及下一段中“Butmyhearthurtalittle”可知，兒子想轉(zhuǎn)到職業(yè)學(xué)校，作者有點(diǎn)心碎，故選A。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)不好，我知道對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)最好的辦法就是轉(zhuǎn)到另一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境去完成他的學(xué)業(yè)。A.apply申請(qǐng)；B.adapt適應(yīng)；C.transfer轉(zhuǎn)移，轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)；D.talk談?wù)?。根?jù)上文“ifhecouldswitchfromhismainstreamhighschooltoa____1____school”可知，此處和“switch”同義，指轉(zhuǎn)到另一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境，故選C?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但我的心有點(diǎn)痛，他不會(huì)再走我走過(guò)的那個(gè)畢業(yè)舞臺(tái)，我所創(chuàng)造的設(shè)想也不再有利于他的幸福。A.ceremony典禮；B.moment時(shí)刻；C.dilemma困境；D.stage舞臺(tái)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境及空前的“graduation”可知，兒子要轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)，不會(huì)再走作者走過(guò)的那個(gè)畢業(yè)舞臺(tái)，故選D?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.curriculum課程；B.wellbeing健康，幸福；C.friendship友誼；D.decision決定。上文提到兒子想轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)，結(jié)合下文“Aschoolofover2,500kidscanbedifficultforanyone,letalonemyboywithsocial____7____”可知，兒子有社交焦慮，故這所學(xué)生很多的學(xué)校對(duì)兒子的健康沒(méi)有好處，故選B。26題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我兒子非常害羞，朋友圈很小。A.bald禿頂?shù)?；B.generous慷慨的；C.straightforward直截了當(dāng)?shù)?；D.shy害羞的。根據(jù)“hadasmallfriendgroup”可知，兒子朋友少，說(shuō)明他害羞，不善于交友，故選D?！?7題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一所有2500多名學(xué)生的學(xué)校對(duì)任何人來(lái)說(shuō)都很困難，更不用說(shuō)我那有社交焦慮癥的兒子了。A.anxiety焦慮；B.conduct行為；C.responsibility責(zé)任；D.awareness意識(shí)。根據(jù)上文“Mysonisextremely____6____andhadasmallfriendgroup.”可知，兒子朋友很少，故應(yīng)是有社交焦慮，故選A?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，我們決定選擇職業(yè)學(xué)校，與我們州要求高中畢業(yè)的普通課程相同。A.studied學(xué)習(xí)；B.canceled取消；C.required要求，需要；D.banned禁止。根據(jù)空后的“byourstatetograduatehighschool”可知，我們州要求職業(yè)學(xué)校和高中畢業(yè)的普通課程相同，故選C?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他已經(jīng)獲得學(xué)分可以結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)，他可以提前畢業(yè)。A.credits學(xué)分；B.subjects科目；C.medals獎(jiǎng)?wù)?；D.reputations名譽(yù)。根據(jù)“andhecouldgraduateearly”可知，可以提前畢業(yè)，故此處指學(xué)分可以結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)，學(xué)分夠了就可以畢業(yè)，故選A。【30題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：通過(guò)讓他去那里，我們看到了他的成長(zhǎng)。A.graduate畢業(yè)；B.worsen變得更糟；C.thrive茁壯成長(zhǎng)；D.suffer遭受。根據(jù)下文“He____11____friendship,hewasproductiveandparticipatedinalifeskillscourse”可知，兒子去職業(yè)學(xué)校后的成長(zhǎng)很明顯，故選C。【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他建立了友誼，他很有成效，參加了一個(gè)生活技能課程來(lái)幫助自己在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中學(xué)習(xí)，他和老師相處得很好。A.formed形成，建立；B.understood理解；C.abandoned遺棄；D.remembered想起，記得。上文提到兒子朋友少，根據(jù)空后的“friendship”可知，此處指他交到了朋友，formfriendship“建立友誼”，故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意同上。A.gotaway離開(kāi)；B.madeup構(gòu)成，編造；C.linedup排隊(duì)；D.gotalong相處。根據(jù)空后的“withhisteachers”可知，此處指他和老師相處得很好，故選D?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：最重要的變化是，他會(huì)微笑著回家，對(duì)他的一天充滿熱情，并興奮地分享他的一天是如何度過(guò)的。A.crying哭泣；B.murmuring低語(yǔ)；C.complaining抱怨；D.smiling微笑。根據(jù)“…enthusiasticabouthisday,andexcited…”可知，兒子現(xiàn)在很積極，會(huì)微笑著回家，故選D。34題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.oversell吹噓；B.learn學(xué)習(xí)；C.share分享；D.predict預(yù)測(cè)。根據(jù)空后“howhisdayhadgone”可知，兒子回家后會(huì)分享自己在學(xué)校是如何度過(guò)的，故選C。
【35題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：作為他的媽媽?zhuān)抑恍枰牢业膬鹤舆x擇了適合他的東西。A.affordable買(mǎi)得起的；B.suitable合適的；C.available可獲得的；D.sensible明智的。根據(jù)上文描述的兒子的積極變化可知，作者為兒子選擇了適合他的東西，故選B。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Whilethereisgrowingconsumer____36____(realize)oftheenvironmentalimpactoffastfashion,canthesamebesaidaboutfastfurniture?Thechairsandtablesthatfillmanyofourhomesandeverydayspacesaremanufacturedonamassscale,andthecheaperitemsoftenendup____37____landfills.AccordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA),in2020over12milliontonsoffurniture____38____(throw)outinAmericaandsomeintotheforestillegally.Buyingfurniturecanbe____39____(incredible)expensive.Manyofusswitchovertocheaper,instantbrandslikeIKEA,____40____manufacturersusematerialshardertorecycle,whichislikelytodamagetheenvironment.Withgrowingcallsforsustainability,manybrandsareannouncingtochangethoughitremains____41____(see)whethertheywillkeepthesepromises.In____42____(it)currentsustainabilitystrategy,IKEAcommitsitselftousingonlyrecyclablematerialsinallitsproductsinanefforttopractice“circular”designandcutemissionstonet-zero.Theconceptofcirculardesign____43____(win)increasingconcernuptonow.In____44____circularsystem,furnitureproductswouldbedesignedtolastlongerandbefullyrecyclable,thusforminga____45____(close)loop(環(huán)).【答案】36.realization37.in38.wasthrown39.incredibly40.whose41.tobeseen42.its43.haswon44.a45.closed【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。根據(jù)美國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)署（EPA）的數(shù)據(jù)，2020年，美國(guó)有超過(guò)1200萬(wàn)噸的家具被扔掉，隨著對(duì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的呼聲越來(lái)越高，許多品牌都宣布要做出改變，循環(huán)設(shè)計(jì)的概念越來(lái)越受到人們的關(guān)注。【36題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：當(dāng)越來(lái)越多的消費(fèi)者意識(shí)到快時(shí)尚對(duì)環(huán)境的影響時(shí)，快家具也能如此嗎？結(jié)合空前的形容詞“growing”可知，空處應(yīng)填名詞作therebe句型的主語(yǔ)，realization“意識(shí)”，不可數(shù)名詞，故填realization?！?7題詳解】考查介詞。句意：我們?cè)S多家庭和日?？臻g里的桌椅都是大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的，而便宜的桌椅往往最終被扔進(jìn)垃圾填埋場(chǎng)。結(jié)合空后的“l(fā)andfills”可知，此處指“最終被扔進(jìn)垃圾填埋場(chǎng)”，應(yīng)用介詞in，endupin“以……告終，在……結(jié)束”，故填in。【38題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：根據(jù)美國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)署（EPA）的數(shù)據(jù)，2020年，美國(guó)有超過(guò)1200萬(wàn)噸的家具被扔掉，其中一些被非法扔進(jìn)了森林。主語(yǔ)furniture和動(dòng)詞throw之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“in2020”可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)是不可數(shù)名詞，be動(dòng)詞使用was，故填wasthrown?！?9題詳解】考查副詞。句意：買(mǎi)家具可能非常貴。空處修飾形容詞“expensive”，應(yīng)用副詞incredibly“非常地”，作狀語(yǔ)，故填incredibly。【40題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們中的許多人轉(zhuǎn)而選擇宜家等更便宜的速溶品牌，這些品牌的制造商使用更難回收的材料，這可能會(huì)破壞環(huán)境。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是cheaper,instantbrands，關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose，故填whose?！?1題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：隨著對(duì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的呼聲越來(lái)越高，許多品牌都宣布要做出改變，盡管它們是否會(huì)遵守這些承諾還有待觀察。remaintodosth“有待于做某事”，主語(yǔ)it指代whether引導(dǎo)的從句，與動(dòng)詞see之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式，故填tobeseen。【42題詳解】考查代詞。句意：在目前的可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略中，宜家承諾在所有產(chǎn)品中只使用可回收材料，努力實(shí)踐“循環(huán)”設(shè)計(jì)，并將排放減少到凈零?？仗幮揎椕~短語(yǔ)sustainabilitystrategy，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞，故填its?！?3題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：到目前為止，循環(huán)設(shè)計(jì)的概念越來(lái)越受到人們的關(guān)注。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)uptonow可知，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)concept是名詞單數(shù)，助動(dòng)詞使用has，故填haswon?！?4題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：在循環(huán)系統(tǒng)中，家具產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)壽命更長(zhǎng)，并且可以完全回收，從而形成一個(gè)閉環(huán)。
system是可數(shù)名詞，此處表示泛指，system以輔音音素開(kāi)頭，應(yīng)用不定冠詞a，故填a?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞。句意同上。空處修飾名詞loop，應(yīng)用形容詞closed“封閉的”，作定語(yǔ)，故填closed。第四部分寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)46.假定你是高三學(xué)生李華。3月12日是植樹(shù)節(jié)（ArborDay），請(qǐng)你以學(xué)生會(huì)的名義寫(xiě)一則通知，告知在校的留學(xué)生本周日在人民公園舉行的植樹(shù)活動(dòng)。內(nèi)容包括：1.活動(dòng)時(shí)間地點(diǎn)；2.植樹(shù)的準(zhǔn)備；3.活動(dòng)流程。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。Notice___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】參考范文NoticeWiththeArborDayapproaching,allexchangestudentsareinvitedtojoinintheupcomingtreeplantingactivityinPeople’sParkthisSunday,March12th.Thiseventaimstopromoteenvironmentalawarenessandtoenhanceourcommitmenttogreenliving.Itstartsat8:00am,withashortbriefingontreeplantingtechniquesandsafetyprecautions.Participantswillthenbedividedintogroupsandgivenseedlingsbythepark’sstaff,andproceedtothedesignatedareainthepark.Lunchwillbeprovidedatmid-afternoon,followedbyashortbreakbeforetheactivityiscompleted.Toensureasmoothexperience,it’shighlyrecommendedtowearcomfortableclothingsuitableforoutdooractivitiesandbringawaterbottletostayhydrated.Don’tforgetinstrumentsoflabor,say,aspadeorabucket.Lookforwardtoanenjoyableandfulfillingdaywithyou!StudentUnion【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇書(shū)面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文。要求考生以學(xué)生會(huì)的名義寫(xiě)一則通知，告知在校的留學(xué)生本周日在人民公園舉行的植樹(shù)活動(dòng)?！驹斀狻?.詞匯積累參加：joinin→takepartin提高：promote→raise提供：provide→offer確保：ensure→makesure2.句式拓展簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句原句：WiththeArborDayapproaching,allexchangestudentsareinvitedtojoinintheupcomingtreeplantingactivityinPeople’sParkthisSunday,March12th.拓展句：AstheArborDayapproaches,allexchangestudentsareinvitedtojoinintheupcomingtreeplantingactivityinPeople’sParkthisSunday,March12th.【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】Lunchwillbeprovidedatmid-afternoon,followedbyashortbreakbeforetheactivityiscompleted.（運(yùn)用了before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）【高分句型2】Toensureasmoothexperience,it’shighlyrecommendedtowearcomfortableclothingsuitableforoutdooractivitiesandbringawaterbottletostayhydrated.（運(yùn)用了動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)）第二節(jié)(滿分25分)47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Oneday,inthemiddleoftheyear,weallfiledintotheclassroomasusual.Mr.Williamsfollowedus,enteringtheroomlast,stealthilysidesteppingandholdingsomethingbehindhisback.“Ihaveasurpriseforyou,”hesaid,dramaticallyrevealingaplasticbagwithatropicalfishinit.Hehelditupanddemonstratedthatthefishwouldbeourclasspet.Afterputtingthefishinthetank,heaskedustonameitandfeediteveryday.Therewasonlyonerule—notnegotiable.Wecouldnot,underanycircumstances,touchthefishwithourhands.Mr.Williamswarnedusthatifhecaughtanystudentwiththehandsinthetankorifourfingersdirectlycameclosetothosetechnicolorscales(彩色的魚(yú)鱗),wewouldbesuspendedfromschoolfortwodays,noquestionsasked.Thisironrulewasthusformedinourclass.Dayafterdaywe’dcometoclassandfeedthefish.TherewasagirlstudentnamedAmyinourclass,whowasenchantedbythisbeautifulfishinparticular.Sheoftenpicturedwhatthefishcoulddoifitwereswimmingfreeinthelake.Evensometimesshepressedherfaceuptotheglasswatchingthisrainbowinmotionswimbackandforth.
Overtime,shesettledonanameforit:Confucius.AboutaweekintoConfucius’sdesirablefamilyresidence,wetookturnsconductingitsdailyfeedingwithcaution.Thefamiliarbellringing,Mr.Williamscasuallysteppedontotheplatformforclass.Theintenseeyeshadtofixonhim,afraidtoneglectthekeypointsoftheexam.Suddenlyaterrifyingsoundinterruptedourattentivegaze,likeatsunamicoming.Unexpectedly,Confuciusjumpedfromthetanktotheground.MaybeitlistenedtoMr.Williamscheering.Confuciusflippedandgasped,strugglingdesperatelyontheground.注意：1.續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Finally,Amygotupfromherseat.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Relieved,weturnedoureyestoMr.Williams.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】參考范文Finally,Amygotupfromherseat.Thebrightgirl,onthevergeoftears,flewtoConfuciuslikeagustofwind.“No!”Weletoutadeafeningroarinchaos,withanoisydiscussionhangingovertheclassroom.“Therule!”Mr.Williams’swarningechoedinAmy’smindrepeatedly.“Undernocircumstancesareyoutotouchthefish.”Hesitantly,shetookastepback.Confuciuslayontheground,withitsmouthgaspingforairanditstailgraduallystoppingswinging.Weallsatfrozeninplace,andjustwatched,atalosswhattodoinpanic.AtthiscriticalmomentAmyhadanidea.Sheputtheplasticbagoverherhandswiftly,pickedConfuciusuplikealivegrenadeandputitbackintothetank.Thankfully,thelovelycreaturecametolifeinthewater.Itswammerrily,asiftoexpressitsgratitudetothesweetangelAmy.Relieved,weturnedoureyestoMr.Williams.Unfortunately,Mr.Williams,withaseverelookonhisface,toldAmytopackherbagsandsuspendedherfromschoolfortwodays.“Areyouserious?”Wewereallbabbling,
wearingawoebegoneexpression.ButMr.Williamsdidnotshowtheslightestinclinationtochange.Weflockedtothetank,andpressedourfacesuptotheglasstowatchConfucius,wallowinginourguilt.Justthen,Amyraisedherheroichandhigh,stillwrappedintheplasticbag.“Look!”Aconfidentsmilespreadacrossherlips.Shedidn’ttouchthefishdirectlywithherfingers.Thatwasnotagainsttherule.Mr.Williamsnoddedinagreementandwentbacktolecturing.DelightedandfeelingproudofAmy,weallcasteyesnowandthenonAmy,whoinvitedustowitnesshowsmartitwastoapplyrulesflexiblywithoutviolatingprinciples.【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一條熱帶魚(yú)成為了班級(jí)寵物，Mr.Williams規(guī)定任何情況，學(xué)生們都不可以用手碰魚(yú)。一個(gè)叫Amy的女生，特別喜歡這條魚(yú)，給它起名“Confucious”。一天這條魚(yú)從魚(yú)缸里跳了出來(lái)，在地上拼命掙扎。Amy急中生智，用塑料袋套在手上，將魚(yú)送回魚(yú)缸。Mr.Williams以觸犯了規(guī)定為由，要將Amy停課兩天。而Amy其實(shí)手上套著塑料袋，并沒(méi)有違法規(guī)定，不應(yīng)該受到處罰。這樣的結(jié)局讓大家都很高興?！驹斀狻?.段落續(xù)寫(xiě)：①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“Finally,Amygotupfromherseat.(最后，Amy從座位上站了起來(lái)。)”可知，第一段可描寫(xiě)Amy是如何在不違反規(guī)定的情況下拯救這條小魚(yú)的。②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“Relieved,weturnedoureyestoMr.Williams.(我們松了一口氣，把目光轉(zhuǎn)向了Williams先生。)”可知，第二段可描寫(xiě)Mr.Williams是如何執(zhí)行規(guī)定和懲罰，Amy又是如何機(jī)智地為自己證明的。2.續(xù)寫(xiě)線索：Amy想要救魚(yú)——大家提醒Mr.Williams的規(guī)定——Amy急中生智套上了塑料袋成功地救了魚(yú)——Mr.Williams對(duì)Amy做出懲罰決定——大家感到震驚和遺憾——Amy為自己證明，免于懲罰3.詞匯激活行為類(lèi)①.叫喊：letout/callout/singout/burstout/shout②.表達(dá)：express/convey/voice③.要求：tell/ask/order/request/require情緒類(lèi)①.聰明的：bright/clever/smart②.感激地：thankfully/gratefully/appreciatively③.開(kāi)心地：merrily/happily/pleasantly【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1].Weletoutadeafeningroarinchaos,withanoisydiscussionhangingovertheclassroom.（with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)）
[高分句型2].DelightedandfeelingproudofAmy,weallcasteyesnowandthenonAmy,whoinvitedustowitnesshowsmartitwastoapplyrulesflexiblywithoutviolatingprinciples.（由關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，且從句中包含how感嘆句作賓語(yǔ)從句）聽(tīng)力答案：1~5CBABC6~10CAABB11~15ACBCB16~20CABCB
