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1、325ConclusionThisstudyhasexploredthedevelopmentoftwocollaborativeendeavorstobuildorganizationsandinstitutionalrelations,theMagicalDimensionandtheCoalition.TheMagicalDimensionisaninformalafter-schoolprogramlocatedinaschoolanddesignedtoservetheneedsofdiverselearners.TheCoalitionisagroupofadults
2、whohavecometogetherinordertosustainandexpandtheeducationalandoutreachworkoftheMagicalDimensionandothersimilarprogramsinalocalarea.BoththeMagicalDimensionandtheCoalitionareconstitutedbythecoordinatedactionofdiverseinstitutionsanddiverseindividuals.Buildingcollaborationbetweendiverseinstitution
3、sandtheindividualswhorepresentthemrequiresbothcommunicationandengagedparticipation.Sustainingengagedparticipationisachallengeforthoseconcernedwithbuildingcollaborationsandalsoforscholarsofcivillifeandcivicengagementconcernedwiththedeclineofparticipationinassociationallifeanddemocraticprocess(
4、e.g.,Bellahetal.1985,1992;Putnam1993a,1993b,1995a,1995b,1996,2000;Schudson1996,1998).Putnam’swork,inparticular,provokedbothscholarlyandpopulardiscussionofthedeclineoftraditionalformsofvolunteerismandvoluntaryassociationthathedescribesascorrelatedwithstrongdemocraticinstitutionsandeconomicpros
5、perity.Putnam(1993a,1995a,1995b,2000)relatesthedeclineinvolunteerismtoadeclineintrustandcommunityrelations,orwhathedescribesassocialcapital.ForPutnam,socialcapitalconsistsof“normsofreciprocityandnetworksofcivicengagement”as325wellastrust,allofwhich“canimprovetheefficiencyofsocietybyfacilitati
6、ngcoordinatedactions”(1993ap.167).Putnam’sstatistic-basedstudyofsocialtrendsintheU.S.inthelatterhalfofthetwentiethcenturycausedhim,atthattime,toarguethatcivilassociationandcivicengagementwereindeclineasweresocialcapitalandthecommunitiesinwhichsocialcapitalwasproduced.Thediscussionofdecliningc
7、ivillifeandcivicengagementarousednewinterestintheworkofTocqueville,thearistocraticFrenchtravelerandessayistwhodescribeddemocracyinAmericac.1835.(1850/1969).TocquevillefoundAmericanstobedevotedtoallmannerofassociations,civilandcivic.Heattribut
