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1、48831CoronavirusesLindaJ.Saif,QiuhongWang,AnastasiaN.Vlasova,KwonilJung,andShaoboXiaoOverviewdistinct,andtheybelongtotheBetacoronavirusandDeltacoronavirusgenera,respectively.TogetherwithThefamilyCoronaviridaewithintheorderNidoviralesbovine,humanOC43,equine,andcaninerespirat
2、oryconsistsoftwosubfamilies:(1)CoronavirinaecomprisingCoVs,pHEVisamemberoftheBetacoronavirus1spe-thegeneraAlphacoronavirus,Betacoronavirus,Gammac-cies.PDCoVismostcloselyrelatedtoothermammalianoronavirus,andDeltacoronavirusand(2)Torovirinaecom-deltacoronavirusesfromAsianleop
3、ardcatsandChineseprisingthegeneraTorovirusandBafinivirusandanferretbadgers(Maet?al.2015).ForeachswineCoV,onlyunassignedgenus.asingleserotypeisrecognized.Fiveswinecoronaviruses(CoVs)havebeenidentified:CoVsareenvelopedandpleomorphic,withanoveralltransmissiblegastroenteritisvi
4、rus(TGEV)firstdescribeddiameterof60–160nmasviewedbynegativestainingin1946;porcinerespiratorycoronavirus(PRCV),aspikeelectronmicroscopy(EM)(Figure?31.2).Mosthavea(S)genedeletionmutantofTGEVisolatedin1984;por-singlelayerofclub‐shapedspikes(Sprotein)12–25nmcineepidemicdiarrhea
5、virus(PEDV)isolatedin1977;inlength,butpHEVandsomeotherbetacoronavirusesporcinehemagglutinatingencephalomyelitisvirushaveasecondshorterlayerofsurfacespikes,thehemag-(pHEV)isolatedin1962;andporcinedeltacoronavirusglutinin‐esterase(HE)protein.(PDCoV)detectedin2012.Inaddition,a
6、TGEV/PEDVrecombinantvirus(TGEVbackbonebutwithPEDVGenomicorganizationand?geneexpression:spikegene)hasbeenidentifiedinswineinEuropeTGEVprototype(Akimkinet?al.2016;Belshamet?al.2016;Boniottiet?al.2016),andabat‐HKU2‐likealphacoronavirushasbeenSwineCoVscontainonelarge,polyadenyl
7、ated,single‐identifiedinswineinChina(Gonget?al.2017;Panet?al.stranded,genomicRNA(25–30kb)ofpositive‐sense2017;Zhouet?al.2018).Inpigs,CoVsandtorovirusespolarity.Thegenomeorganization,replicationstrategy,(ToVs)affectavarietyoforgans,includingthegastroin-andexpressionofviralpr
8、oteinsaresimilartothoseoftestinalandrespiratorytracts,theperipheralandcentralother
