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1、低鉀合并低鎂致室性心律失常28例心電圖分析王婕(15352001772)李鴻林靖遠(yuǎn)煤業(yè)有限責(zé)任公司職工總醫(yī)院急診科(730913)Potassiumionand?magnesiumions?arebasicioncells。Normalpotassiumion?andmagnesiumionlevels?arelifeions?tomaintaintheelectricalactivityoftheheart.?Alltheelectrophysiologicalpropertiesofmyoc
2、ardialcell?become?abnormal?under?lowpotassium?and?lowmagnesium?situation,and?ventricularfibrillationthresholddecreases,?which?can?leadtotheoccurrenceofmalignantventriculararrhythmiaandseriouslyendangerthelivesofpatients?through?trigger?theautomaticit
3、y,reentry?mechanism?.Suchmechanismsastrigger,reentry,andAutomaticityenhancementleadtotheoccurrenceofmalignantventriculararrhythmiawhichendangerpatient.Potassiumionandmagnesiumionisabasicionofnormalelectrophysiologicalactivity.Thereforetomaintainastea
4、dyandadequatepotassiumionandmagnesiumionlevelsisveryimportantwhichcanpreventtheoccurrenceofmalignantventriculararrhythmiainacertainextent.Whenphysiciansinuseantiarrhythmicdrugs,theycannotignorethepotassiumionandmagnesiumionintheoccurrenceofarrhythmia
5、andthetherapeuticeffect.Ifinthecourseoftreatment,donotpayattentiontothepotassiumionandmagnesiumion,whichcanleadtoarrhythmiaaggravationorinducearrhythmia.withhypokalemiaandhypomagnesemiaPatients’ECGis4easytobechanged.theresultsshowthatearlyinthelabora
6、toryandintheclinichasbeenwidelyapplied。1.資料與方法1.1全部病例均為我院五年門急診及住院病人,27例為住院病人,男性21人,女性7人;年齡20~79歲,平均43.6歲。正常血鉀標(biāo)準(zhǔn):3.5~5.5mmol/L,血鉀<3.5mmol/L者為低血鉀;正常血鎂參考值:0.7~1.0mmol/L,血鎂<0.75mmol/L為低血鎂。造成低鉀及低鎂的原因有進(jìn)食不佳6人、嘔吐8人、腹瀉7人、手術(shù)后禁食2人、胃腸減壓3人、大劑量利尿劑應(yīng)用1人、急性心肌梗塞1人入急診室
7、心電圖示:廣泛前壁心肌梗塞,在采血時(shí)突發(fā)室顫電除顫失敗死亡,以上病例均為入室及根據(jù)病情及時(shí)復(fù)查心電圖。1.2檢查方法:所有病例在急診室及入院時(shí)做常規(guī)12導(dǎo)聯(lián)心電圖檢查,并在心電監(jiān)護(hù)及血鉀、血鎂監(jiān)測(cè)下,經(jīng)口服及靜脈補(bǔ)鉀及鎂治療,合并有其它疾病者作相應(yīng)治療,心律失常者經(jīng)補(bǔ)鉀及補(bǔ)鎂后均消失,未用抗心律失常藥物,27例經(jīng)2~5天治療后痊愈,出院時(shí)復(fù)查血鉀、血鎂及心電圖均正常,1例急性心肌梗死患者發(fā)生室顫經(jīng)電除顫無效死亡。2.心電圖分析見表1.表1:28例低血鉀及低血鎂致室性心律失常的心電圖情況心電圖表現(xiàn)
8、例數(shù)(n)百分比(%)偶發(fā)室性早搏517.9頻發(fā)室性早搏932.1多源性室早517.9短陣室速414.3尖端扭轉(zhuǎn)室速310.7心室顫動(dòng)27.13.討論低血鉀及低血鎂是臨床常見的電解質(zhì)紊亂,可表現(xiàn)為一組臨床綜合征。共有心電圖改變:ST段下移,T波增寬、低平或倒置,出現(xiàn)U波。4低血鉀及低血鎂影響整個(gè)機(jī)體的代謝,在原有疾病基礎(chǔ)上容易造成內(nèi)環(huán)境的進(jìn)一步功能失調(diào),加重病情,如不能及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)及糾正,可出現(xiàn)各種心律失常,尤其是室性心律失常更為多見,甚至發(fā)生心室顫動(dòng)而致心源性猝死。正常濃度的血鉀及血鎂對(duì)維持心肌細(xì)