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1、36例重癥心臟瓣膜置換術(shù)麻醉處理【關(guān)鍵詞】,麻醉;,,體外循環(huán);,,心臟瓣膜置換術(shù) 摘要:目的:回顧性分析總結(jié)36例重癥心臟瓣膜置換術(shù)的麻醉處理經(jīng)驗。方法:36例重癥心臟瓣膜置換術(shù)病人,X線胸片心胸比(C/T)0.68~0.90,心功能Ⅲ~Ⅳ級,左室舒張末徑(LVEDD)平均67±9.2mm,術(shù)前均經(jīng)過嚴格改善心功能治療,選擇有利的手術(shù)時機,采用以芬太尼為主,咪唑安定、異丙酚、異氟醚等為輔助藥的全身麻醉,中度低溫體外循環(huán),以高鉀含血冷停跳液灌注心臟,心臟復(fù)蘇后靜脈輸注多巴胺等維持血流動力學(xué)穩(wěn)定。結(jié)果:全組病例圍術(shù)期死亡4例(11.1%),其余均順利
2、康復(fù)出院。結(jié)論:完善的術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備和重視術(shù)后心肺功能的支持治療,是手術(shù)成功的重要基礎(chǔ);以芬太尼等為主的靜吸復(fù)合麻醉、及高鉀含血冷停跳液灌注心臟的方法,用于重癥心臟瓣膜置換術(shù)效果良好?! £P(guān)鍵詞:麻醉;體外循環(huán);心臟瓣膜置換術(shù) ExperienceofAnestheticTreatmentof36SevereCaseofCardiacValveReplacement Abstract:Objective:Retrospectivlyanalyzedandsummarizedexperienceofanesthetictreatmentof36cases
3、severecardiacvalvereplacement.Method:36casesseverecardiacvalvereplacementwhosecardio/thorax(C/T)were0.68~0.90measuredbysternite,heartfunctionwereⅢ~Ⅳgrade,averageofleftventriclediastolediameter(LVEDD)was67±9.2mm.Allthepatientsheartfunctionwereimprovedbystricttherapybeforeoperate
4、.Selectingbestopportunityforoperation,bygeneralanesthesia,moderatehypothermiaextracorporealcirculation,perfusingheartbycoldstop-beatingfluidincludinghypokaliumandblood,andrefusingdopaminetomaintainhaemodynamicsaftercardiacresuscitation.Result:Allthepatientsrehabilitationdischar
5、geexcept4cases(11.1%)died.Conclusion:Successfulcardiacvalvereplacementbasedonconsummateprepareforpreoperative,supportivetreatmentpostoperative,generalanesthesia,moderatehypothermiaextracorporealcirculation,andperfusingheartbycoldstop-beatingfluidincludinghypokaliumandblood. Ke
6、ywords:Generalanesthesia;Extracorporealcirculation;Cardiacvalvereplacement 本文分析總結(jié)我院1998年1月至2004年12月所施行的36例重癥心臟瓣膜置換術(shù)麻醉處理,報告如下: 1資料與方法4 1.1一般資料:36例重癥心臟瓣膜病患者中,男16例,女20例,年齡17~61歲,體重32~65kg。X線胸片心胸比(C/T)0.68~0.90,均有不同程度的肺瘀血,心功能Ⅲ級22例,IV級14例,左室舒張末期直徑(LVEDD)<70mm者22例;70~80mm者9例;&g
7、t;80mm者5例,平均67±9.2mm,左室射血分數(shù)(LVEF)≥50%19例;30~49%14例;<30%3例,合并心房纖顫24例,心室肥厚20例,肺動脈平均壓>40mmHg者17例,左房有附壁血栓者8例,并發(fā)糖尿病、胸腔積液、肺結(jié)核等5例。手術(shù)種類:二尖瓣置換23例,主動脈瓣置換4例,二尖瓣及主動脈瓣雙瓣置換9例,(36例中9例加三尖瓣環(huán)縮;2例加左房折疊術(shù))。 1.2麻醉方法:術(shù)前晚上口服安定10mg,術(shù)前30min肌注嗎啡0.1~0.2mg/kg,海俄辛0.3mg,部分病人給予咪唑安定0.1mg/kg肌注;入手術(shù)室后在局麻下行
8、橈動脈穿刺監(jiān)測血壓,麻醉誘導(dǎo)用咪唑安定0.1~0.15mg/kg(或依托咪酯0.2~0.3mg/kg),芬太