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1、BriefIntroductiontoMedicalEnglish醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)概述WhatisMedicalEnglish醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)是科技英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)分支,其基本語(yǔ)法、詞匯與公共英語(yǔ)是一致的,具有特定的詞匯結(jié)構(gòu)體系、語(yǔ)法規(guī)則和文體結(jié)構(gòu)。醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)要求敘述嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、詞匯涵義明確,因此具有一些有別于公共英語(yǔ)的特殊性。DifferencescomparedtoPublicEnglish詞匯來(lái)源的多樣性名詞復(fù)數(shù)的復(fù)雜性舊詞新意語(yǔ)法句式的多元性1.TheDiversityofEtymology擁有大量的拉丁語(yǔ)、希臘語(yǔ)來(lái)源的專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯,而且可以互相交叉應(yīng)用。中文拉丁語(yǔ)希臘語(yǔ)皮下的subcu
2、taneoushypodermic腎上腺素adrenalin(e)epinephrine2.TheComplexityofPlural①醫(yī)學(xué)名詞常用其外來(lái)復(fù)數(shù)形式單數(shù)詞源復(fù)數(shù)變化過(guò)程diagnosisGreekdiagnoses-is→-esappendixLatinappendices-ix→-icesedemaL&GKedemata-ma→-matatempoItaliantempi-o→-i2.TheComplexityofPlural②當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞常同時(shí)有外來(lái)復(fù)數(shù)與英文規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù),外來(lái)復(fù)數(shù)在正式文體中特別是科技用語(yǔ)中較常見(jiàn),而英文規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)則在日常醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)中更
3、常見(jiàn)。③有的詞的外來(lái)復(fù)數(shù)與英文正規(guī)復(fù)數(shù)的意義不同,如:antenna→antennas天線;antenna→antennae昆蟲(chóng)的觸角。3.SameWords,DifferentMeaningscell(電池~細(xì)胞)tissue(薄綢~組織)organ(風(fēng)琴~器官)delivery(投遞~分娩)digest(匯編~消化)sign(記號(hào)~體征)4.SpecificGrammar①敘述嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),限制條件多。Thusdilution,bywater,airorothermedia,whichreducesthenumberofpathogenicbacteriataken
4、intothebodybelowtheminimalnumbernecessarytoinfect,explainswhyinfectionsandparticularlythoseenteringbyrespiratorytract,arelesslikelytobecontractedintheopenairthanunderconditionsofovercrowdingindoors.4.SpecificGrammar②為了簡(jiǎn)潔,常采用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)及應(yīng)用名詞作定語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞形式,如:cancerpatient(patientwithcancer)bloodv
5、esselwall(wallofthebloodvessel)ThisPresentationconsistsofthefollowing2parts:醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)起源(TheEtymologyofMedicalEnglish)醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法(StructureofMedicalVocabulary)TheEtymologyofMedicalEnglishBriefHistoryofModernEnglishOldEnglish(450-1100)TheNormanConquestandMiddleEnglish(1100-1500)EarlyModernEngli
6、sh(1500-1800)LateModernEnglish(1800-Present)TheEtymologyofMedicalEnglishBriefHistoryofModernEnglishOldEnglish(450-1100)TheAngles,Saxons,andJutesfromnorthernGermany,DenmarkandnorthernHollandinvadedBritishIslesandbegantopopulatethoseareas.Theoriginal,Celtic-speakinginhabitants→outofwha
7、tisknownasEngland→Scotland,Wales,CornwallandIreland,leavingbehindafewCelticwords.Theinvader’slanguage,Anglo-Saxon,developedintowhatweknowasOldEnglishTheEtymologyofMedicalEnglishBriefHistoryofModernEnglishTheNormanConquestandMiddleEnglish(1100-1500)William,theConqueror,theDukeofNorman
8、dy,subsequen